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Although deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven successful in a wide range of tasks, one challenge it faces is interpretability when applied to real-world problems. Saliency maps are frequently used to provide interpretability for deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-19 Jinwei Xing , Takashi Nagata , Xinyun Zou , Emre Neftci , Jeffrey L. Krichmar

In-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) promises fast adaptation to unseen environments without parameter updates, but current methods either cannot improve beyond the training distribution or require near-optimal data, limiting practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Anaïs Berkes , Vincent Taboga , Donna Vakalis , David Rolnick , Yoshua Bengio

Algorithm Distillation (AD) was recently proposed as a new approach to perform In-Context Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) by modeling across-episodic training histories autoregressively with a causal transformer model. However, due to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Samuel Beaussant , Mehdi Mounsif

Deep reinforcement learning is an effective tool to learn robot control policies from scratch. However, these methods are notorious for the enormous amount of required training data which is prohibitively expensive to collect on real…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-07 Julien Brosseit , Benedikt Hahner , Fabio Muratore , Michael Gienger , Jan Peters

Recent work has shown that augmenting environments with language descriptions improves policy learning. However, for environments with complex language abstractions, learning how to ground language to observations is difficult due to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-04 Victor Zhong , Jesse Mu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to learn effective policies from a static dataset without requiring further agent-environment interactions. However, its practical adoption is often hindered by the need for explicit reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Gaurav Chaudhary , Laxmidhar Behera

The recent success of denoising diffusion models has significantly advanced text-to-image generation. While these large-scale pretrained models show excellent performance in general image synthesis, downstream objectives often require…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Maorong Wang , Jiafeng Mao , Xueting Wang , Toshihiko Yamasaki

In-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) leverages the in-context learning capabilities of transformer models (TMs) to efficiently generalize to unseen sequential decision-making tasks without parameter updates. However, existing ICRL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Juncheng Dong , Bowen He , Moyang Guo , Ethan X. Fang , Zhuoran Yang , Vahid Tarokh

Diffusion and flow models achieve State-Of-The-Art (SOTA) generative performance, yet many practically important behaviors such as fine-grained prompt fidelity, compositional correctness, and text rendering are weakly specified by score or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Yuanzhi Zhu , Xi Wang , Stéphane Lathuilière , Vicky Kalogeiton

Recent advancements in language models have demonstrated remarkable in-context learning abilities, prompting the exploration of in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) to extend the promise to decision domains. Due to involving more…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Jinmei Liu , Fuhong Liu , Zhenhong Sun , Jianye Hao , Huaxiong Li , Bo Wang , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Zhi Wang

Post-training with Reinforcement Learning (RL) has substantially improved reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) via test-time scaling. However, extending this paradigm to Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) through verbose rationales yields limited…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Bangzheng Li , Jianmo Ni , Chen Qu , Ian Miao , Liu Yang , Xingyu Fu , Muhao Chen , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

Reinforcement learning (RL) post-training has recently driven major gains in long chain-of-thought reasoning large language models (LLMs), but the high inference cost of such models motivates distillation into smaller students. Most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Zhaoyang Zhang , Shuli Jiang , Yantao Shen , Yuting Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Shuo Yang , Zhuowen Tu , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

We investigate the ability of transformers to perform in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL), where a model must infer and execute learning algorithms from trajectory data without parameter updates. We show that a linear self-attention…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-08 Haodong Liang , Lifeng Lai

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising way to achieve human-like autonomous driving. However, the low sample efficiency and difficulty of designing reward functions for DRL would hinder its applications in practice. In light of…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-10-29 Zhiyu Huang , Jingda Wu , Chen Lv

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is typically formulated as maximizing entropy subject to matching the distribution of expert trajectories. Classical (dual-ascent) IRL guarantees monotonic performance improvement but requires fully…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Anish Diwan , Davide Tateo , Christopher E. Mower , Haitham Bou-Ammar , Jan Peters , Oleg Arenz

Random exploration is one of the main mechanisms through which reinforcement learning (RL) finds well-performing policies. However, it can lead to undesirable or catastrophic outcomes when learning online in safety-critical environments. In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-15 Djordje Grbic , Sebastian Risi

Despite remarkable successes, deep reinforcement learning algorithms remain sample inefficient: they require an enormous amount of trial and error to find good policies. Model-based algorithms promise sample efficiency by building an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-19 Remo Sasso , Michelangelo Conserva , Paulo Rauber

As a key component to intuitive cognition and reasoning solutions in human intelligence, causal knowledge provides great potential for reinforcement learning (RL) agents' interpretability towards decision-making by helping reduce the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-25 Ruichu Cai , Siyang Huang , Jie Qiao , Wei Chen , Yan Zeng , Keli Zhang , Fuchun Sun , Yang Yu , Zhifeng Hao

In coming up with solutions to real-world problems, humans implicitly adhere to constraints that are too numerous and complex to be specified completely. However, reinforcement learning (RL) agents need these constraints to learn the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Guiliang Liu , Mohammed Elmahgiubi , Kasra Rezaee , Pascal Poupart

In multi-task reinforcement learning there are two main challenges: at training time, the ability to learn different policies with a single model; at test time, inferring which of those policies applying without an external signal. In the…