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Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant traction in various applications, yet their capabilities present risks for both constructive and malicious exploitation. Despite extensive training and fine-tuning efforts aimed at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Zixuan Huang , Kecheng Huang , Lihao Yin , Bowei He , Huiling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Zili Shao

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

Background: Fine-tuning is central to adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but its reliance on training data, parameter updates, and reusable components opens entry points for attackers. Threats have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Wenjuan Li , Yitao Liu , Runze Chen , Rajkumar Buyya

Large language models have drawn significant attention to the challenge of safe alignment, especially regarding jailbreak attacks that circumvent security measures to produce harmful content. To address the limitations of existing methods…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Hanqing Liu , Lifeng Zhou , Huanqian Yan

The security of Large Language Model (LLM) applications is fundamentally challenged by "form-first" attacks like prompt injection and jailbreaking, where malicious instructions are embedded within user inputs. Conventional defenses, which…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Dominik Schwarz

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, it is critical to assess the security threats and vulnerabilities that may arise both during their training phase and after models have been deployed. This survey seeks to define and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Francisco Aguilera-Martínez , Fernando Berzal

In the burgeoning field of Large Language Models (LLMs), developing a robust safety mechanism, colloquially known as "safeguards" or "guardrails", has become imperative to ensure the ethical use of LLMs within prescribed boundaries. This…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Yi Dong , Ronghui Mu , Yanghao Zhang , Siqi Sun , Tianle Zhang , Changshun Wu , Gaojie Jin , Yi Qi , Jinwei Hu , Jie Meng , Saddek Bensalem , Xiaowei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized content creation across digital platforms, offering unprecedented capabilities in natural language generation and understanding. These models enable beneficial applications such as content…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Chi Zhang , Changjia Zhu , Junjie Xiong , Xiaoran Xu , Lingyao Li , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-agent Systems (MAS) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various complex tasks, ranging from collaborative problem-solving to autonomous decision-making. However, as these systems become…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Shilong Wang , Guibin Zhang , Miao Yu , Guancheng Wan , Fanci Meng , Chongye Guo , Kun Wang , Yang Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced capabilities in natural language processing and artificial intelligence. These models, including GPT-3.5 and LLaMA-2, have revolutionized text generation,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-06 Yunhong He , Jianling Qiu , Wei Zhang , Zhengqing Yuan

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various applications by providing advanced natural language processing capabilities. However, this innovation introduces new cybersecurity challenges. This paper explores the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Stephen Burabari Tete

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Their impact extends across a diverse spectrum of tasks, revolutionizing how we approach language understanding and generations.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He , Erfan Shayegani

Currently, large models are prone to generating harmful content when faced with complex attack instructions, significantly reducing their defensive capabilities. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method based on constructing data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 Keke Zhai

With the widespread application of large language models (LLMs) in various fields, the security challenges they face have become increasingly prominent, especially the issue of jailbreak. These attacks induce the model to generate erroneous…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Shuyuan Liu , Jiawei Chen , Xiao Yang , Hang Su , Zhaoxia Yin

Open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) often employ safety alignment methods to resist harmful instructions. However, recent research shows that maliciously fine-tuning these LLMs on harmful data can easily bypass these safeguards. To…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Zixuan Chen , Weikai Lu , Xin Lin , Ziqian Zeng

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, posing serious safety risks. To address this, existing detection methods either learn attack-specific parameters, which…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

The security issue of large language models (LLMs) has gained wide attention recently, with various defense mechanisms developed to prevent harmful output, among which safeguards based on text embedding models serve as a fundamental…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Haoyu Liang , Youran Sun , Yunfeng Cai , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

This paper presents an approach to developing assurance cases for adversarial robustness and regulatory compliance in large language models (LLMs). Focusing on both natural and code language tasks, we explore the vulnerabilities these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Dian Balta , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts known as jailbreaks, which can bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful outputs. Despite growing efforts in LLM safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Linghao Feng , Xiang He , Jihang Wang , Sicheng Shen , Haibo Tong , Yiting Dong , Jindong Li , Xiang Zheng , Yi Zeng

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) exhibit comparable performance to LLMs while offering distinct advantages in inference speed and mathematical reasoning tasks.The precise and rapid generation capabilities of LLDMs amplify concerns of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Yuanhe Zhang , Fangzhou Xie , Zhenhong Zhou , Zherui Li , Hao Chen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo