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Extracting medical history entities (MHEs) related to a patient's chief complaint (CC), history of present illness (HPI), and past, family, and social history (PFSH) helps structure free-text clinical notes into standardized EHRs,…

Objective: Electronic health records (EHR) are widely available to complement administrative data-based disease surveillance and healthcare performance evaluation. Defining conditions from EHR is labour-intensive and requires extensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Jie Pan , Seungwon Lee , Cheligeer Cheligeer , Elliot A. Martin , Kiarash Riazi , Hude Quan , Na Li

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for analyzing complex, unstructured data, particularly within the medical domain. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) contain a wealth of information in various formats,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Wu Hao Ran , Xi Xi , Furong Li , Jingyi Lu , Jian Jiang , Hui Huang , Yuzhuan Zhang , Shi Li

Clinical trial eligibility matching is a critical yet often labor-intensive and error-prone step in medical research, as it ensures that participants meet precise criteria for safe and reliable study outcomes. Recent advances in Natural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Muhammad Talha Sharif , Abdul Rehman

Objective: Electronic health records (EHR) data are prone to missingness and errors. Previously, we devised an "enriched" chart review protocol where a "roadmap" of auxiliary diagnoses (anchors) was used to recover missing values in EHR…

Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly those similar to ChatGPT, have significantly influenced the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). While these models excel in general language tasks, their performance in domain-specific…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-02 Omid Rohanian , Mohammadmahdi Nouriborji , David A. Clifton

Code review is essential for maintaining software quality but often time-consuming and cognitively demanding, especially in industrial environments. Recent advancements in language models (LMs) have opened new avenues for automating core…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Igli Begolli , Meltem Aksoy , Daniel Neider

It is well-established that more data generally improves AI model performance. However, data collection can be challenging for certain tasks due to the rarity of occurrences or high costs. These challenges are evident in our use case, where…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Martin Thißen , Thi Ngoc Diep Tran , Barbara Esteve Ratsch , Ben Joel Schönbein , Ute Trapp , Beate Egner , Romana Piat , Elke Hergenröther

Data science plays a critical role in biomedical research, but it requires professionals with expertise in coding and medical data analysis. Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in supporting medical tasks and performing…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-10 Zifeng Wang , Benjamin Danek , Ziwei Yang , Zheng Chen , Jimeng Sun

Linking clinical narratives to standardized vocabularies and coding systems is a key component of unlocking the information in medical text for analysis. However, many domains of medical concepts lack well-developed terminologies that can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-03-11 Denis Newman-Griffis , Eric Fosler-Lussier

Large language models have exhibited exceptional performance on various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, leveraging techniques such as the pre-training, and instruction fine-tuning. Despite these advances, their effectiveness in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-19 Guangyu Wang , Guoxing Yang , Zongxin Du , Longjun Fan , Xiaohu Li

The process of matching patients with suitable clinical trials is essential for advancing medical research and providing optimal care. However, current approaches face challenges such as data standardization, ethical considerations, and a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-08 Jiayi Yuan , Ruixiang Tang , Xiaoqian Jiang , Xia Hu

Advances in large language models (LLMs) provide new opportunities in healthcare for improved patient care, clinical decision-making, and enhancement of physician and administrator workflows. However, the potential of these models…

The introduction of Large Language Models (LLMs), and the vast volume of publicly available medical data, amplified the application of NLP to the medical domain. However, LLMs are pretrained on data that are not explicitly relevant to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-12 Chris Solomou

Mental health has become a global priority, leading to a massive administrative burden in the coding of clinical diagnoses. This study proposes the automation of psychiatric diagnostic analysis by mapping free-text descriptions to the…

In this paper, we present our approach to extracting structured information from unstructured Electronic Health Records (EHR) [2] which can be used to, for example, study adverse drug reactions in patients due to chemicals in their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-01-30 Amogh Kamat Tarcar , Aashis Tiwari , Vineet Naique Dhaimodker , Penjo Rebelo , Rahul Desai , Dattaraj Rao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in transforming clinical applications. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of four techniques in adapting LLMs for clinical use-cases: continuous pretraining,…

We introduce LLMD, a large language model designed to analyze a patient's medical history based on their medical records. Along with domain knowledge, LLMD is trained on a large corpus of records collected over time and across facilities,…

The rising rate of drug-related deaths in the United States, largely driven by fentanyl, requires timely and accurate surveillance. However, critical overdose data are often buried in free-text coroner reports, leading to delays and…

Motivation: A perennial challenge for biomedical researchers and clinical practitioners is to stay abreast with the rapid growth of publications and medical notes. Natural language processing (NLP) has emerged as a promising direction for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-12-16 Robert Tinn , Hao Cheng , Yu Gu , Naoto Usuyama , Xiaodong Liu , Tristan Naumann , Jianfeng Gao , Hoifung Poon