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Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, with applications spanning a wide range of fields, including sentiment classification, review generation, and question answering. Due to their efficiency and versatility,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Michael Backes , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

We present the first in depth study on the robustness of existing watermarking techniques applied to code generated by large language models (LLMs). As LLMs increasingly contribute to software development, watermarking has emerged as a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Tarun Suresh , Shubham Ugare , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

LLM watermarks stand out as a promising way to attribute ownership of LLM-generated text. One threat to watermark credibility comes from spoofing attacks, where an unauthorized third party forges the watermark, enabling it to falsely…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Thibaud Gloaguen , Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming the landscape of digital content creation. However, the prevalent black-box Application Programming Interface (API) access to many LLMs introduces significant challenges in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Zhiyuan Fu , Junfan Chen , Lan Zhang , Ting Yang , Jun Niu , Hongyu Sun , Ruidong Li , Peng Liu , Jice Wang , Fannv He , Qiuling Yue , Yuqing Zhang

In the era of costly pre-training of large language models, ensuring the intellectual property rights of model owners, and insuring that said models are responsibly deployed, is becoming increasingly important. To this end, we propose model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Vaden Masrani , Mohammad Akbari , David Ming Xuan Yue , Ahmad Rezaei , Yong Zhang

Text watermarking technology aims to tag and identify content produced by large language models (LLMs) to prevent misuse. In this study, we introduce the concept of cross-lingual consistency in text watermarking, which assesses the ability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Zhiwei He , Binglin Zhou , Hongkun Hao , Aiwei Liu , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in text generation has raised increasing concerns about intellectual property disputes. Watermarking techniques, which embed meta information into AI-generated content (AIGC), have the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Shangkun Che , Silin Du , Ge Gao

To protect the intellectual property of well-trained deep neural networks (DNNs), black-box watermarks, which are embedded into the prediction behavior of DNN models on a set of specially-crafted samples and extracted from suspect models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Yifan Lu , Wenxuan Li , Mi Zhang , Xudong Pan , Min Yang

The development of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about potential misuse. One practical solution is to embed a watermark in the text, allowing ownership verification through watermark extraction. Existing methods primarily…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Yuhang Cai , Yaofei Wang , Donghui Hu , Chen Gu

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into agentic systems that perform autonomous reasoning and tool use has created significant intellectual property (IP) value. We demonstrate that these systems are highly vulnerable to imitation…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Liwen Wang , Zongjie Li , Yuchong Xie , Shuai Wang , Dongdong She , Wei Wang , Juergen Rahmel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their training requires extensive data and computational resources, rendering them valuable digital assets. Therefore, it is essential to watermark LLMs to protect…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Shuai Li , Kejiang Chen , Jun Jiang , Jie Zhang , Qiyi Yao , Kai Zeng , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-12-09 Franziska Boenisch

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) have established themselves as powerful tools in the rapidly evolving field of image generation, capable of producing highly realistic images. However, their widespread adoption raises critical concerns about…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Zhonghao Yang , Linye Lyu , Xuanhang Chang , Daojing He , YU LI

As companies continue to invest heavily in larger, more accurate and more robust deep learning models, they are exploring approaches to monetize their models while protecting their intellectual property. Model licensing is promising, but…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-12-04 Huiying Li , Emily Wenger , Shawn Shan , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding their potential misuse, particularly in generating fake news and misinformation. To address these risks, watermarking techniques for autoregressive language…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Koichi Nagatsuka , Terufumi Morishita , Yasuhiro Sogawa

Natural language processing (NLP) technology has shown great commercial value in applications such as sentiment analysis. But NLP models are vulnerable to the threat of pirated redistribution, damaging the economic interests of model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Long Dai , Jiarong Mao , Xuefeng Fan , Xiaoyi Zhou

Watermarking large language models (LLMs) is vital for preventing their misuse, including the fabrication of fake news, plagiarism, and spam. It is especially important to watermark LLM-generated code, as it often contains intellectual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Li Lin , Siyuan Xin , Yang Cao , Xiaochun Cao

The rapid advancement of deep learning has turned models into highly valuable assets due to their reliance on massive data and costly training processes. However, these models are increasingly vulnerable to leakage and theft, highlighting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Zhendong Zhao , Yu Zhou , Xiaoyan Gu , Juan Cao