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Recent studies applied Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning techniques (PEFTs) to efficiently narrow the performance gap between pre-training and downstream. There are two important factors for various PEFTs, namely, the accessible data size and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Yuxin Tian , Mouxing Yang , Yunfan Li , Dayiheng Liu , Xingzhang Ren , Xi Peng , Jiancheng Lv

The prevailing paradigm in large language model (LLM) development is to pretrain a base model, then perform further training to improve performance and model behavior. However, hyperparameter optimization and scaling laws have been studied…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Tessa Han , Sebastian Bordt , Hanlin Zhang , Sham Kakade

Post-training of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for unlocking their task generalization potential and domain-specific capabilities. However, the current LLM post-training paradigm faces significant data challenges, including the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Junyu Luo , Bohan Wu , Xiao Luo , Zhiping Xiao , Yiqiao Jin , Rong-Cheng Tu , Nan Yin , Yifan Wang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Ming Zhang

Post-training has demonstrated its importance in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). The primary post-training methods can be categorized into supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement fine-tuning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Mingyang Liu , Gabriele Farina , Asuman Ozdaglar

Fine-tuning is a crucial process for adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse applications. In certain scenarios, such as multi-tenant serving, deploying multiple LLMs becomes necessary to meet complex demands. Recent studies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Bowen Ping , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Xu Han , Yuzhuang Xu , Yukun Yan , Yun Chen , Baobao Chang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Transformer-based models with the pretrain-finetune paradigm bring about significant progress, along with the heavy storage and deployment costs of finetuned models on multiple tasks. Delta compression attempts to lower the costs by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Chenyu Huang , Peng Ye , Shenghe Zheng , Xiaohui Wang , Lei Bai , Tao Chen , Wanli Ouyang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, with post-training playing a crucial role in enhancing their reasoning capabilities. Among post-training paradigms, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is widely used: it leverages…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Lisong Sun , Li Wang , Chen Zhang , Jinyang Wu , Kui Zhang , Tianhao Peng , Wenjun Wu

This paper presents a systematic overview of parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, covering over 50 papers published between early 2019 and mid-2024. These methods aim to address the challenges of fine-tuning large language models by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-25 Vladislav Lialin , Vijeta Deshpande , Xiaowei Yao , Anna Rumshisky

Large language models (LLMs) trained via pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can still produce harmful and misaligned outputs, or struggle in domains like math and coding. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods,…

Fine-tuning and inference with large Language Models (LM) are generally known to be expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning over pretrained LMs reduces training memory by updating a small number of LM parameters but does not improve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Bowen Zhao , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Qingqing Cao

The increasingly large size of modern pretrained language models not only makes them inherit more human-like biases from the training corpora, but also makes it computationally expensive to mitigate such biases. In this paper, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-08 Zhongbin Xie , Thomas Lukasiewicz

The Superficial Alignment Hypothesis posits that almost all of a language model's abilities and knowledge are learned during pre-training, while post-training is about giving a model the right style and format. We re-examine these claims by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Mohit Raghavendra , Vaskar Nath , Sean Hendryx

Language model post-training is applied to refine behaviors and unlock new skills across a wide range of recent language models, but open recipes for applying these techniques lag behind proprietary ones. The underlying training data and…

This paper presents an analysis regarding an influence of the Distance Metric Learning (DML) loss functions on the supervised fine-tuning of the language models for classification tasks. We experimented with known datasets from SentEval…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-29 Witold Sosnowski , Karolina Seweryn , Anna Wróblewska , Piotr Gawrysiak

The success of powerful open source Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled the community to create a vast collection of post-trained models adapted to specific tasks and domains. However, navigating and understanding these models remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Zhiqiu Xu , Amish Sethi , Mayur Naik , Ser-Nam Lim

Pruning has become a widely adopted technique for reducing the hardware requirements of large language models (LLMs). To recover model performance after pruning, post-training is commonly employed to mitigate the resulting performance…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Xiaodong Chen , Yuxuan Hu , Xiaokang Zhang , Yanling Wang , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jing Zhang

Vision-language-action (VLA) models extend vision-language models (VLM) by integrating action generation modules for robotic manipulation. Leveraging the strengths of VLM in vision perception and instruction understanding, VLA models…

Large language model optimization has historically bifurcated into isolated data-centric and model-centric paradigms: the former manipulates involved samples through selection, augmentation, or poisoning, while the latter tunes model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Ou Wu

Pre-trained models (PTMs) have achieved great success in various Software Engineering (SE) downstream tasks following the ``pre-train then fine-tune'' paradigm. As fully fine-tuning all parameters of PTMs can be computationally expensive, a…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-12-27 Wentao Zou , Qi Li , Jidong Ge , Chuanyi Li , Xiaoyu Shen , Liguo Huang , Bin Luo

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) techniques have drawn significant attention due to their ability to yield competitive results while updating only a small portion of the adjustable parameters. However, existing PEFT methods pose…