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Reinforcement learning has been successfully used to solve difficult tasks in complex unknown environments. However, these methods typically do not provide any safety guarantees during the learning process. This is particularly problematic,…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2019-07-02 Torsten Koller , Felix Berkenkamp , Matteo Turchetta , Joschka Boedecker , Andreas Krause

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

Automated explanatory feedback systems play a crucial role in facilitating learning for a large cohort of learners by offering feedback that incorporates explanations, significantly enhancing the learning process. However, delivering such…

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as group-relative policy optimization (GRPO) have shown strong potential for improving the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models. While a growing body of work seeks to improve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Wenquan Lu , Hai Huang , Enqi Liu , Randall Balestriero

Prior work establishes that controlled contrastiveness between self-generated responses from large language models, set via reward scores, improves downstream preference tuning in English. We extend this method to multiple languages and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Mike Zhang , Ali Basirat , Desmond Elliott

Fine-tuning BERT-based models is resource-intensive in memory, computation, and time. While many prior works aim to improve inference efficiency via compression techniques, e.g., pruning, these works do not explicitly address the…

Safety-aligned language models often exhibit fragile and imbalanced safety mechanisms, increasing the likelihood of generating unsafe content. In addition, incorporating new knowledge through editing techniques to language models can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Soham Tripathy , Shanu Kumar , Animesh Mukherjee , Rima Hazra

Large language models (LLMs) now write code in settings where misreading a single word can break safety or cost money, yet we still expect them to overlook stray typos. To probe where useful robustness ends and harmful insensitivity begins,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-23 Altynbek Ismailov , Salia Asanova

Preference learning is a central component for aligning current LLMs, but this process can be vulnerable to data poisoning attacks. To address this concern, we introduce PoisonBench, a benchmark for evaluating large language models'…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Tingchen Fu , Mrinank Sharma , Philip Torr , Shay B. Cohen , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

The rapid development of large language models is transforming software development. Beyond serving as code auto-completion tools in integrated development environments, large language models increasingly function as foundation models…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-01-26 Junjie Shi , Weisong Sun , Zhenpeng Chen , Zhujun Wu , Xiaohong Chen , Zhi Jin , Yang Liu

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to $``$learn in context$"$ based on the provided prompt has led to an explosive growth in their use, culminating in the proliferation of AI assistants such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Bard. These AI…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Namrata Shivagunde , Vladislav Lialin , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) based on human preferences, commonly achieved through reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), has been effective in improving their performance. However, maintaining LLM safety throughout…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yingshui Tan , Yilei Jiang , Yanshi Li , Jiaheng Liu , Xingyuan Bu , Wenbo Su , Xiangyu Yue , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Recent works have shown that chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting can elicit language models to solve complex reasoning tasks, step-by-step. However, prompt-based CoT methods are dependent on very large models such as GPT-3 175B which are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-14 Namgyu Ho , Laura Schmid , Se-Young Yun

Recent alignment algorithms such as direct preference optimization (DPO) have been developed to improve the safety of large language models (LLMs) by training these models to match human behaviors exemplified by preference data. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Rheeya Uppaal , Apratim Dey , Yiting He , Yiqiao Zhong , Junjie Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities but also present risks such as biased content generation and privacy issues. One of the current alignment techniques includes principle-driven integration, but it faces challenges…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Yi Luo , Zhenghao Lin , Yuhao Zhang , Jiashuo Sun , Chen Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xiangdong Su , Yelong Shen , Jian Guo , Yeyun Gong

Diffusion models have been widely studied for removing unsafe content learned during pre-training. Existing methods require expensive supervised data, either unsafe-text paired with safe-image groundtruth or negative/positive image pairs,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Komal Kumar , Ankan Deria , Abhishek Basu , Fahad Shamshad , Hisham Cholakkal , Karthik Nandakumar

Large pretrained language models can easily produce toxic or biased content, which is prohibitive for practical use. In order to detect such toxic generations, existing methods rely on templates, real-world data extraction, crowdsourcing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-06 Zhexin Zhang , Jiale Cheng , Hao Sun , Jiawen Deng , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Minlie Huang

Existing reinforcement learning strategies based on outcome supervision have proven effective in enhancing the performance of large language models(LLMs) for code generation. While reinforcement learning based on process supervision has…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Yufan Ye , Ting Zhang , Wenbin Jiang , Hua Huang

Large language models (LLMs) excel in complex tasks through advanced prompting techniques like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and Tree-of-Thought (ToT), but their reliance on manually crafted, task-specific prompts limits adaptability and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Tao Xiong , Xavier Hu , Wenyan Fan , Shengyu Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li