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Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is essential for safe and useful LLMs. Previous works mainly adopt reinforcement learning (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) with human feedback for alignment.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-03 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji

Alignment training is crucial for enabling large language models (LLMs) to cater to human intentions and preferences. It is typically performed based on two stages with different objectives: instruction-following alignment and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Chenglong Wang , Hang Zhou , Kaiyan Chang , Bei Li , Yongyu Mu , Tong Xiao , Tongran Liu , Jingbo Zhu

Over the last few years, Contextualized Pre-trained Neural Language Models, such as BERT, GPT, have shown significant gains in various NLP tasks. To enhance the robustness of existing pre-trained models, one way is adversarial examples…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-05 Wenqian Ye , Fei Xu , Yaojia Huang , Cassie Huang , Ji A

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human values has become increasingly important as it enables sophisticated steering of LLMs. However, it requires significant human demonstrations and feedback or distillation from proprietary LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Sungdong Kim , Sanghwan Bae , Jamin Shin , Soyoung Kang , Donghyun Kwak , Kang Min Yoo , Minjoon Seo

The advent of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has attracted considerable attention in various domains due to their remarkable performance and versatility. As the use of these models continues to grow, the importance of…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Jill Baumann , Oliver Kramer

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating content that exhibits gender biases, raising significant ethical concerns. Alignment, the process of fine-tuning LLMs to better align with desired behaviors, is recognized as an effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Tao Zhang , Ziqian Zeng , Yuxiang Xiao , Huiping Zhuang , Cen Chen , James Foulds , Shimei Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly integrated into software systems, offering powerful capabilities but also raising concerns about fairness. Existing fairness benchmarks, however, focus on stereotype-specific associations,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Gianmario Voria , Martina De Lucia , Alessandra Raia , Andrea De Lucia , Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba

Negative bias refers to the tendency of large language models (LLMs) to excessively generate negative responses in binary decision tasks (e.g., yes-no question answering). Previous research has focused on detecting and addressing negative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Jongyoon Song , Sangwon Yu , Sungroh Yoon

Recent studies have demonstrated that natural-language prompts can help to leverage the knowledge learned by pre-trained language models for the binary sentence-level sentiment classification task. Specifically, these methods utilize…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-04 Mohna Chakraborty , Adithya Kulkarni , Qi Li

Recent alignment techniques, such as reinforcement learning from human feedback, have been widely adopted to align large language models with human preferences by learning and leveraging reward models. In practice, these models often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Ignavier Ng , Patrick Blöbaum , Siddharth Bhandari , Kun Zhang , Shiva Kasiviswanathan

Generative language models (LMs) offer numerous advantages but may produce inappropriate or harmful outputs due to the harmful knowledge acquired during pre-training. This knowledge often manifests as undesirable correspondences, such as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Guitao Chen , Yunshen Wang , Hongye Sun , Guang Chen

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to generate natural language explanations (NLE) that are adapted to different users' situations. However, there is yet to be a quantitative evaluation of the extent of such adaptation. To bridge this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Pengshuo Qiu , Frank Rudzicz , Zining Zhu

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently shown promise in detecting anomalies. However, previous approaches are fundamentally limited by their reliance on human-designed prompts and the lack of accessible anomaly samples,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-25 Pi-Wei Chen , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin , Wei-Han Chen , Jia Ji , Zih-Ching Chen , Feng-Hao Yeh , Chao-Chun Chen

With the rapidly expanding landscape of large language models, aligning model generations with human values and preferences is becoming increasingly important. Popular alignment methods, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Mingye Zhu , Yi Liu , Lei Zhang , Junbo Guo , Zhendong Mao

Achieving personalized alignment requires adapting large language models to each user's evolving context. While decoding-time personalization offers a scalable alternative to training-time methods, existing methods largely rely on implicit,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Xin Yu , Hanwen Xing , Lingzhou Xue

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional language generation capabilities in response to text-based prompts. However, controlling the direction of generation via textual prompts has been challenging, especially…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Rohan Deepak Ajwani , Zining Zhu , Jonathan Rose , Frank Rudzicz

The common toxicity and societal bias in contents generated by large language models (LLMs) necessitate strategies to reduce harm. Present solutions often demand white-box access to the model or substantial training, which is impractical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Rongwu Xu , Zi'an Zhou , Tianwei Zhang , Zehan Qi , Su Yao , Ke Xu , Wei Xu , Han Qiu

Small and mid-sized generative language models have gained increasing attention. Their size and availability make them amenable to being analyzed at a behavioral as well as a representational level, allowing investigations of how these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-11 Lorenz Linhardt , Tom Neuhäuser , Lenka Tětková , Oliver Eberle

Evaluation of biases in language models is often limited to synthetically generated datasets. This dependence traces back to the need for a prompt-style dataset to trigger specific behaviors of language models. In this paper, we address…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-16 Sarah Alnegheimish , Alicia Guo , Yi Sun

Recent advancements in AI alignment techniques have significantly improved the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with static human preferences. However, the dynamic nature of human preferences can render some prior training data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Han Zhang , Zhuo Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yuanzhao Zhai , Hanyang Peng , Yu Lei , Yue Yu , Hui Wang , Bin Liang , Lin Gui , Ruifeng Xu