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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet they also introduce novel security challenges. For instance, prompt jailbreaking attacks involve adversaries crafting sophisticated prompts to elicit responses from…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Zhaoqi Wang , Daqing He , Zijian Zhang , Xin Li , Liehuang Zhu , Meng Li , Jiamou Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However, they remain exposed to jailbreak attacks, eliciting harmful responses. The nested scenario strategy has been increasingly adopted across…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ning Xu , Bo Gao , Hui Dou

Despite extensive safety alignment, Large Language Models (LLMs) often fail against jailbreak attacks. While machine unlearning has emerged as a promising defense by erasing specific harmful parameters, current methods remain vulnerable to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Xi Wang , Songlei Jian , Shasha Li , Xiaopeng Li , Zhaoye Li , Bin Ji , Baosheng Wang , Jie Yu

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to align with human values in their responses. This study exploits LLMs with an iterative prompting technique where each prompt is systematically modified and refined across multiple iterations to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Shih-Wen Ke , Guan-Yu Lai , Guo-Lin Fang , Hsi-Yuan Kao

Large Language Models(LLMs) have been successful in numerous fields. Alignment has usually been applied to prevent them from harmful purposes. However, aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that deliberately mislead them into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Shang Liu , Hanyu Pei , Zeyan Liu

Extensive efforts have been made before the public release of Large language models (LLMs) to align their behaviors with human values. However, even meticulously aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to malicious manipulations such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Zeguan Xiao , Yan Yang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Despite recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and their alignment, they can still be jailbroken, i.e., harmful and toxic content can be elicited from them. While existing red-teaming methods have shown promise in uncovering…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Vasudev Gohil

The wide adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention from $\textit{jailbreak}$ attacks, where adversarial prompts crafted through optimization or manual design exploit LLMs to generate malicious contents.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Xurui Song , Zhixin Xie , Shuo Huai , Jiayi Kong , Jun Luo

The safety of large language models (LLMs) has garnered significant research attention. In this paper, we argue that previous empirical studies demonstrate LLMs exhibit a propensity to trust information from authoritative sources, such as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Liang Lin , Zhihao Xu , Xuehai Tang , Shi Liu , Biyu Zhou , Fuqing Zhu , Jizhong Han , Songlin Hu

Jailbreak attacks aim to exploit large language models (LLMs) by inducing them to generate harmful content, thereby revealing their vulnerabilities. Understanding and addressing these attacks is crucial for advancing the field of LLM…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Zheng Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Deheng Ye , Hao Wang

The recent surge in jailbreaking attacks has revealed significant vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) when exposed to malicious inputs. While various defense strategies have been proposed to mitigate these threats, there has…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Tianlong Li , Zhenghua Wang , Wenhao Liu , Muling Wu , Shihan Dou , Changze Lv , Xiaohua Wang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into consumer and enterprise applications. Despite their capabilities, they remain susceptible to adversarial attacks such as prompt injection and jailbreaks that override alignment…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-14 Chetan Pathade

Large Language Models (LLMs) are generally equipped with guardrails to block the generation of harmful responses. However, existing defenses always assume that an external attacker crafts the harmful query, and the possibility of a model's…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Heehwan Kim , Sungjune Park , Daeseon Choi

Small Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as efficient and economically viable alternatives to Large Language Models (LLMs), offering competitive performance with significantly lower computational costs and latency. These advantages make…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Md Jueal Mia , Joaquin Molto , Yanzhao Wu , M. Hadi Amini

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across natural language tasks and are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, recent studies show that such alignment is…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yinzhi Zhao , Ming Wang , Shi Feng , Xiaocui Yang , Daling Wang , Yifei Zhang

The jailbreak attack can bypass the safety measures of a Large Language Model (LLM), generating harmful content. This misuse of LLM has led to negative societal consequences. Currently, there are two main approaches to address jailbreak…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Zezhong Wang , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Hongru Wang , Liang Chen , Qingwei Lin , Kam-Fai Wong

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly deployed, understanding the complexity and evolution of jailbreaking strategies is critical for AI safety. We present a mass-scale empirical analysis of jailbreak complexity across over 2…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Aldan Creo , Raul Castro Fernandez , Manuel Cebrian

Automatic adversarial prompt generation provides remarkable success in jailbreaking safely-aligned large language models (LLMs). Existing gradient-based attacks, while demonstrating outstanding performance in jailbreaking white-box LLMs,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Qizhang Li , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Yiwen Guo

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought impressive advancements across various tasks. However, despite these achievements, LLMs still pose inherent safety risks, especially in the context of jailbreak attacks. Most…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Shi Lin , Hongming Yang , Rongchang Li , Xun Wang , Changting Lin , Wenpeng Xing , Meng Han