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Cyber attacks are becoming more sophisticated and diverse, making detection increasingly challenging. To combat these attacks, security practitioners actively summarize and exchange their knowledge about attacks across organizations in the…

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reporting is pivotal in contemporary risk management strategies. As the volume of CTI reports continues to surge, the demand for automated tools to streamline report generation becomes increasingly apparent.…

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) parsing aims to extract key threat information from massive data, transform it into actionable intelligence, enhance threat detection and defense efficiency, including attack graph construction, intelligence…

Understanding the risks associated with an enterprise environment is the first step toward improving its security. Organizations employ various methods to assess and prioritize the risks identified in cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports…

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) analysts must answer complex questions over large collections of narrative security reports. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems help language models access external knowledge, but traditional vector…

The construction of attack technique knowledge graphs aims to transform various types of attack knowledge into structured representations for more effective attack procedure modeling. Existing methods typically rely on textual data, such as…

Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CKGs) unify diverse Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources into structured, queryable formats, offering scalable solutions for automating proactive and real-time security responses. Their increasing adoption…

Attack knowledge graph construction seeks to convert textual cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports into structured representations, portraying the evolutionary traces of cyber attacks. Even though previous research has proposed various…

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) plays a crucial role in assessing risks and enhancing security for organizations. However, the process of extracting relevant information from unstructured text sources can be expensive and time-consuming.…

Organizations are increasingly targeted by Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), which involve complex, multi-stage tactics and diverse techniques. Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources, such as incident reports and security blogs, provide…

Effective incident response (IR) is critical for mitigating cyber threats, yet security teams are overwhelmed by alert fatigue, high false-positive rates, and the vast volume of unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) documents. While…

High-level natural language knowledge in CTI reports, such as the ATT&CK framework, is beneficial to counter APT attacks. However, how to automatically apply the high-level knowledge in CTI reports in realistic attack detection systems,…

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) has emerged as a vital complementary approach that operates in the early phases of the cyber threat lifecycle. CTI involves collecting, processing, and analyzing threat data to provide a more accurate and…

The knowledge on attacks contained in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports is very important to effectively identify and quickly respond to cyber threats. However, this knowledge is often embedded in large amounts of text, and therefore…

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is being used to search for indicators of attacks that might have compromised an enterprise network for a long time without being discovered. To have a more effective analysis, CTI open standards have…

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is a crucial tool to prevent sophisticated, organized, and weaponized cyber attacks. However, few studies have focused on the credibility assessment of CTI, and this work still requires manual analysis by…

Defending from cyberattacks requires practitioners to operate on high-level adversary behavior. Cyberthreat intelligence (CTI) reports on past cyberattack incidents describe the chain of malicious actions with respect to time. To avoid…

To remain aware of the fast-evolving cyber threat landscape, open-source Cyber Threat Intelligence (OSCTI) has received growing attention from the community. Commonly, knowledge about threats is presented in a vast number of OSCTI reports.…

Provenance-based threat hunting identifies Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) on endpoints by correlating attack patterns described in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) with provenance graphs derived from system audit logs. A fundamental…

This work evaluates the performance of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) extraction methods in identifying attack techniques from threat reports available on the web using the MITRE ATT&CK framework. We analyse four configurations utilising…