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With the rapid advancement and extensive application of artificial intelligence technology, large language models (LLMs) are extensively used to enhance production, creativity, learning, and work efficiency across various domains. However,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Yuqing Liang , Jiancheng Xiao , Wensheng Gan , Philip S. Yu

Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

Generation-time text watermarking embeds statistical signals into text for traceability of AI-generated content. We explore *post-hoc watermarking* where an LLM rewrites existing text while applying generation-time watermarking, to protect…

The increasing deployment of intelligent agents in digital ecosystems, such as social media platforms, has raised significant concerns about traceability and accountability, particularly in cybersecurity and digital content protection.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Kaibo Huang , Zipei Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Recent advancements in watermarking techniques have enabled the embedding of secret messages into AI-generated text (AIGT), serving as an important mechanism for AIGT detection. Existing methods typically interfere with the generation…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Peiru Yang , Xintian Li , Wanchun Ni , Jinhua Yin , Huili Wang , Guoshun Nan , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

Watermarking is a technical means to dissuade malfeasant usage of Large Language Models. This paper proposes a novel watermarking scheme, so-called WaterMax, that enjoys high detectability while sustaining the quality of the generated text…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Eva Giboulot , Teddy Furon

With the rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs), safeguarding textual content against unauthorized use is crucial. Watermarking offers a vital solution, protecting both - LLM-generated and plain text sources. This paper presents a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Harsh Nishant Lalai , Aashish Anantha Ramakrishnan , Raj Sanjay Shah , Dongwon Lee

Text watermarks in large language models (LLMs) are an increasingly important tool for detecting synthetic text and distinguishing human-written content from LLM-generated text. While most existing studies focus on determining whether…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-30 Xiang Li , Garrett Wen , Weiqing He , Jiayuan Wu , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

We present a novel technique for modulating the appearance frequency of a few tokens within a dataset for encoding an invisible watermark that can be used to protect ownership rights upon data. We develop optimal as well as fast heuristic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-12-29 Devriş İşler , Elisa Cabana , Alvaro Garcia-Recuero , Georgia Koutrika , Nikolaos Laoutaris

We introduce TextSeal, a state-of-the-art watermark for large language models. Building on Gumbel-max sampling, TextSeal introduces dual-key generation to restore output diversity, along with entropy-weighted scoring and multi-region…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the usability of AI-generated code, providing effective assistance to programmers. This advancement also raises ethical and legal concerns, such as academic dishonesty or the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Boquan Li , Zirui Fu , Mengdi Zhang , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun , Xingmei Wang

Watermarking of large language models (LLMs) generation embeds an imperceptible statistical pattern within texts, making it algorithmically detectable. Watermarking is a promising method for addressing potential harm and biases from LLMs,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Lingjie Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Siyu Yuan , Zhining Liu , Tianxin Wei , Hyunsik Yoo , Zhichen Zeng , Deqing Yang , Hanghang Tong

As artificial intelligence surpasses human capabilities in text generation, the necessity to authenticate the origins of AI-generated content has become paramount. Unbiased watermarks offer a powerful solution by embedding statistical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Generative images have proliferated on Web platforms in social media and online copyright distribution scenarios, and semantic watermarking has increasingly been integrated into diffusion models to support reliable provenance tracking and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Zheng Gao , Xiaoyu Li , Zhicheng Bao , Xiaoyan Feng , Jiaojiao Jiang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as pivotal tools in various applications. However, these models are susceptible to adversarial prompt attacks, where attackers can carefully curate input strings that mislead LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Zhengmian Hu , Gang Wu , Saayan Mitra , Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Sun , Heng Huang , Viswanathan Swaminathan

Hallucination detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of large language models (LLMs) in context-based generation. Prior work has explored intrinsic signals available during generation, among which attention offers a direct view…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Siya Qi , Yudong Chen , Runcong Zhao , Qinglin Zhu , Zhanghao Hu , Wei Liu , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan , Lin Gui

The rapid proliferation of generative audio synthesis and editing technologies has raised serious concerns about copyright infringement, data provenance, and the spread of misinformation via deepfake audio. Watermarking offers a proactive…

声音 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Yixin Liu , Lie Lu , Jihui Jin , Lichao Sun , Andrea Fanelli

The proliferation of AI-generated content brings significant concerns on the forensic and security issues such as source tracing, copyright protection, etc, highlighting the need for effective watermarking technologies. Font-based text…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Kemou Li , Yain-Whar Si , Xiaowei Wu , Jiantao Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into diverse industries, posing substantial security risks due to unauthorized replication and misuse. To mitigate these concerns, robust identification mechanisms are widely…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Xuhong Wang , Haoyu Jiang , Yi Yu , Jingru Yu , Yilun Lin , Ping Yi , Yingchun Wang , Yu Qiao , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

Watermarking approaches are proposed to identify if text being circulated is human or large language model (LLM) generated. The state-of-the-art watermarking strategy of Kirchenbauer et al. (2023a) biases the LLM to generate specific…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Qilong Wu , Varun Chandrasekaran