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Domain-specific intelligence demands specialized knowledge and sophisticated reasoning for problem-solving, posing significant challenges for large language models (LLMs) that struggle with knowledge hallucination and inadequate reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Zhengren Wang , Jiayang Yu , Dongsheng Ma , Zhe Chen , Yu Wang , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Yanfeng Wang , Weinan E , Linpeng Tang , Wentao Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach to infuse a private knowledge base of documents with Large Language Models (LLM) to build Generative Q\&A (Question-Answering) systems. However, RAG accuracy becomes increasingly…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Kunal Sawarkar , Abhilasha Mangal , Shivam Raj Solanki

Although Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (RALMs) demonstrate their superiority in terms of factuality, they do not consistently outperform the original retrieval-free Language Models (LMs). Our experiments reveal that this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Mingda Li , Xinyu Li , Yifan Chen , Wenfeng Xuan , Weinan Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) provides an effective yet efficient solution for fine-tuning large language models (LLM). The modular and plug-and-play nature of LoRA enables the integration of diverse domain-specific LoRAs to enhance the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Ziyu Zhao , Leilei Gan , Guoyin Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Hongxia Yang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

The strong zero-shot and long-context capabilities of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for highly effective re-ranking systems. Attention-based re-rankers leverage attention weights from transformer heads to produce…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Linh Tran , Yulong Li , Radu Florian , Wei Sun

Conversational search, unlike single-turn retrieval tasks, requires understanding the current question within a dialogue context. The common approach of rewrite-then-retrieve aims to decontextualize questions to be self-sufficient for…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Chanwoong Yoon , Gangwoo Kim , Byeongguk Jeon , Sungdong Kim , Yohan Jo , Jaewoo Kang

Discovering improved policy optimization algorithms for language models remains a costly manual process requiring repeated mechanism-level modification and validation. Unlike simple combinatorial code search, this problem requires searching…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Sirui Xia , Yikai Zhang , Aili Chen , Siye Wu , Siyu Yuan , Yanghua Xiao

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge to answer questions more accurately. However, research on evaluating RAG systems-particularly the retriever component-remains limited, as…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Lorenz Brehme , Thomas Ströhle , Ruth Breu

Recent advances in natural language processing, primarily propelled by Large Language Models (LLMs), have showcased their remarkable capabilities grounded in in-context learning. A promising avenue for guiding LLMs in intricate reasoning…

Retrieval algorithms like BM25 and query likelihood with Dirichlet smoothing remain strong and efficient first-stage rankers, yet improvements have mostly relied on parameter tuning and human intuition. We investigate whether a large…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Jinming Nian , Fangchen Li , Dae Hoon Park , Yi Fang

Despite the recent advancement in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, most retrieval methodologies are often developed for factual retrieval, which assumes query and positive documents are semantically similar. In this paper, we…

While most current approaches rely on further training techniques, such as fine-tuning or reinforcement learning, to enhance model capacities, model merging stands out for its ability of improving models without requiring any additional…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Yuxuan Yao , Ruifeng She , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant general language understanding abilities. However, there has been a scarcity of attempts to assess the logical reasoning capacities of these LLMs, an essential facet of natural language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Hanmeng liu , Zhiyang Teng , Ruoxi Ning , Yiran Ding , Xiulai Li , Xiaozhang Liu , Yue Zhang

Short answer assessment is a vital component of science education, allowing evaluation of students' complex three-dimensional understanding. Large language models (LLMs) that possess human-like ability in linguistic tasks are increasingly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Peng He , Hang Li , Haoyu Han , Kaiqi Yang , Yu Xue , Tingting Li , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant strides across various information retrieval tasks, particularly as rerankers, owing to their strong generalization and knowledge-transfer capabilities acquired from extensive…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Rahul Seetharaman , Kaustubh D. Dhole , Aman Bansal

While recent large language models (LLMs) improve on various question answering (QA) datasets, it remains difficult for a single model to generalize across question types that require distinct reasoning abilities. We provide empirical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-23 Chenglei Si , Weijia Shi , Chen Zhao , Luke Zettlemoyer , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in many areas but continue to face challenges with complex reasoning tasks, such as Multi-Hop Question Answering (MHQA). MHQA requires integrating evidence from diverse sources while managing intricate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Bolei He , Xinran He , Mengke Chen , Xianwei Xue , Ying Zhu , Zhenhua Ling

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential for integrating external knowledge into Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. While the literature on RAG is growing, it primarily focuses on systematic reviews and comparisons of new…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Matouš Eibich , Shivay Nagpal , Alexander Fred-Ojala

Retrieval-augmented large language models (R-LLMs) combine pre-trained large language models (LLMs) with information retrieval systems to improve the accuracy of factual question-answering. However, current libraries for building R-LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Yasuto Hoshi , Daisuke Miyashita , Youyang Ng , Kento Tatsuno , Yasuhiro Morioka , Osamu Torii , Jun Deguchi

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi