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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their reasoning capabilities through feedback. A critical challenge is verifying the consistency of model-generated responses and reference answers,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Shiyu Hu , Yongzhen Guo , Wentao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) show strong capabilities in general reasoning but typically lack reliability in scientific domains like quantum mechanics, which demand strict adherence to physical constraints. This limitation arises from the…

Claim verification with large language models (LLMs) has recently attracted growing attention, due to their strong reasoning capabilities and transparent verification processes compared to traditional answer-only judgments. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Qi He , Cheng Qian , Xiusi Chen , Bingxiang He , Yi R. Fung , Heng Ji

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a key technique for enhancing large language models (LLMs), with verification engineering playing a central role. However, best practices for RL in instruction following…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Hao Peng , Yunjia Qi , Xiaozhi Wang , Bin Xu , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Recent Language Models (LMs) have shown impressive capabilities in generating texts with the knowledge internalized in parameters. Yet, LMs often generate the factually incorrect responses to the given queries, since their knowledge may be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Jinheon Baek , Soyeong Jeong , Minki Kang , Jong C. Park , Sung Ju Hwang

Verifiers or reward models are often used to enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). A common approach is the Best-of-N method, where N candidate solutions generated by the LLM are ranked by a verifier, and the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Lunjun Zhang , Arian Hosseini , Hritik Bansal , Mehran Kazemi , Aviral Kumar , Rishabh Agarwal

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a compelling approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), where an LLM generator serves as a policy guided by a verifier (reward model). However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Kaiwen Zha , Zhengqi Gao , Maohao Shen , Zhang-Wei Hong , Duane S. Boning , Dina Katabi

Despite significant advancements in the general capability of large language models (LLMs), they continue to struggle with consistent and accurate reasoning, especially in complex tasks such as mathematical and code reasoning. One key…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhenwen Liang , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Xiangliang Zhang , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

In recent years, training methods centered on Reinforcement Learning (RL) have markedly enhanced the reasoning and alignment performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in understanding human intents, following user…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Keliang Liu , Dingkang Yang , Ziyun Qian , Weijie Yin , Yuchi Wang , Hongsheng Li , Jun Liu , Peng Zhai , Yang Liu , Lihua Zhang

Test-time scaling (TTS) has emerged as a new frontier for scaling the performance of Large Language Models. In test-time scaling, by using more computational resources during inference, LLMs can improve their reasoning process and task…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

Large language models (LLMs) can act as both problem solvers and solution verifiers, where the latter select high-quality answers from a pool of solver-generated candidates. This raises the question of under what conditions verification…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Jack Lu , Ryan Teehan , Jinran Jin , Mengye Ren

The fine-tuning of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using reinforcement learning (RL) is generally formulated as direct policy optimization. This approach was naturally favored as it efficiently improves a pretrained LLM, seen as an…

Time series is a pervasive data type across various application domains, rendering the reasonable solving of diverse time series tasks a long-standing goal. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs), especially their reasoning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Jiahui Zhou , Dan Li , Boxin Li , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Lin Li , Zhuomin Chen , Jian Lou , See-Kiong Ng

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities across a myriad of tasks, yet they occasionally yield undesirable outputs. We posit that these limitations are rooted in the foundational autoregressive architecture of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Siheng Li , Bo Shui , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

Recent large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance in generating promising reasoning paths for complex tasks. However, despite powerful generation ability, LLMs remain weak at verifying their own answers, revealing a persistent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Yuxin Chen , Yu Wang , Yi Zhang , Ziang Ye , Zhengzhou Cai , Yaorui Shi , Qi Gu , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable general reasoning capabilities. However, systematically evaluating and enhancing these reasoning capabilities is challenging due to the lack of controllable and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-04 Yanxiao Zhao , Yaqian Li , Zihao Bo , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Haojia Hui , Mo Guang , Lei Ren , Xiaolin Qin , Kaiwen Long

Prevalent reinforcement learning~(RL) methods for fine-tuning LLM reasoners, such as GRPO or Leave-one-out PPO, abandon the learned value function in favor of empirically estimated returns. This hinders test-time compute scaling that relies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Kusha Sareen , Morgane M Moss , Alessandro Sordoni , Rishabh Agarwal , Arian Hosseini

Verifiers are auxiliary models that assess the correctness of outputs generated by base large language models (LLMs). They play a crucial role in many strategies for solving reasoning-intensive problems with LLMs. Typically, verifiers are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Bartosz Piotrowski , Witold Drzewakowski , Konrad Staniszewski , Piotr Miłoś

Recent studies show that the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be improved by applying Reinforcement Learning (RL) to question-answering (QA) tasks in areas such as math and coding. With a long context length, LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Stephen Chung , Wenyu Du , Jie Fu
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