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Language Models (LMs) have been shown to leak information about training data through sentence-level membership inference and reconstruction attacks. Understanding the risk of LMs leaking Personally Identifiable Information (PII) has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-25 Nils Lukas , Ahmed Salem , Robert Sim , Shruti Tople , Lukas Wutschitz , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin

Model extraction attacks pose significant security threats to deployed language models, potentially compromising intellectual property and user privacy. This survey provides a comprehensive taxonomy of LLM-specific extraction attacks and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Kaixiang Zhao , Lincan Li , Kaize Ding , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yue Zhao , Yushun Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various domains but pose inherent privacy risks. Existing methods to evaluate privacy leakage in LLMs often use memorized prefixes or simple instructions to extract data, both of which well-alignment…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Yidan Wang , Yanan Cao , Yubing Ren , Fang Fang , Zheng Lin , Binxing Fang

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

Model extraction increasingly attracts research attentions as keeping commercial AI models private can retain a competitive advantage. In some scenarios, AI models are trained proprietarily, where neither pre-trained models nor sufficient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-14 Xinyi Zhang , Chengfang Fang , Jie Shi

The latest and most impactful advances in large models stem from their increased size. Unfortunately, this translates into an improved memorization capacity, raising data privacy concerns. Specifically, it has been shown that models can…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Krishna Kanth Nakka , Ahmed Frikha , Ricardo Mendes , Xue Jiang , Xuebing Zhou

Large language models for code (LLM4Code) have greatly improved developer productivity but also raise privacy concerns due to their reliance on open-source repositories containing abundant personally identifiable information (PII). Prior…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Hua Yang , Alejandro Velasco , Sen Fang , Bowen Xu , Denys Poshyvanyk

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant privacy concerns regarding the exposure of personally identifiable information (PII) in user prompts. To address this challenge, we propose a query-unrelated PII…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Hao Shen , Zhouhong Gu , Haokai Hong , Weili Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to memorizing training data, which poses serious privacy risks. Two of the most prominent concerns are training data extraction and Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). Prior research has shown that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Ali Al Sahili , Ali Chehab , Razane Tajeddine

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on sensitive datasets carries a substantial risk of unintended memorization and leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII), which can violate privacy regulations and compromise individual…

Machine learning (ML) models have significantly grown in complexity and utility, driving advances across multiple domains. However, substantial computational resources and specialized expertise have historically restricted their wide…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Kaixiang Zhao , Lincan Li , Kaize Ding , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yue Zhao , Yushun Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) pose significant privacy risks, potentially leaking training data due to implicit memorization. Existing privacy attacks primarily focus on membership inference attacks (MIAs) or data extraction attacks, but…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Wenlong Meng , Zhenyuan Guo , Lenan Wu , Chen Gong , Wenyan Liu , Weixian Li , Chengkun Wei , Wenzhi Chen

When large language models are trained on private data, it can be a significant privacy risk for them to memorize and regurgitate sensitive information. In this work, we propose a new practical data extraction attack that we call "neural…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Ashwinee Panda , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Zhengming Zhang , Yaoqing Yang , Prateek Mittal

Ensuring the security of large language models (LLMs) is an ongoing challenge despite their widespread popularity. Developers work to enhance LLMs security, but vulnerabilities persist, even in advanced versions like GPT-4. Attackers…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-12-19 Aysan Esmradi , Daniel Wankit Yip , Chun Fai Chan

The system prompt in Large Language Models (LLMs) plays a pivotal role in guiding model behavior and response generation. Often containing private configuration details, user roles, and operational instructions, the system prompt has become…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, but their ability to memorize training data poses significant privacy risks. This paper investigates model inversion attacks on the Llama 3.2 model, a multilingual…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Sathesh P. Sivashanmugam

Language models (LMs) may memorize personally identifiable information (PII) from training data, enabling adversaries to extract it during inference. Existing defense mechanisms such as differential privacy (DP) reduce this leakage, but…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Anthony Hughes , Vasisht Duddu , N. Asokan , Nikolaos Aletras , Ning Ma

We study model extraction attacks in natural language processing (NLP) where attackers aim to steal victim models by repeatedly querying the open Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Recent works focus on limited-query budget settings…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Chengwei Dai , Minxuan Lv , Kun Li , Wei Zhou

The rapid advancement and widespread use of large language models (LLMs) have raised significant concerns regarding the potential leakage of personally identifiable information (PII). These models are often trained on vast quantities of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-07-06 Siwon Kim , Sangdoo Yun , Hwaran Lee , Martin Gubri , Sungroh Yoon , Seong Joon Oh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been reported to "leak" Personally Identifiable Information (PII), with successful PII reconstruction often interpreted as evidence of memorization. We propose a principled revision of memorization…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Xiaoyu Luo , Yiyi Chen , Qiongxiu Li , Johannes Bjerva
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