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Vector Quantization (VQ) is essential for discretizing continuous representations in unsupervised learning but suffers from representation collapse, causing low codebook utilization and limiting scalability. Existing solutions often rely on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Yongxin Zhu , Bocheng Li , Yifei Xin , Zhihua Xia , Linli Xu

Built upon vector quantization (VQ), discrete audio codec models have achieved great success in audio compression and auto-regressive audio generation. However, existing models face substantial challenges in perceptual quality and signal…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-09-20 Zhikang Niu , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu

We propose a multi-layer variational autoencoder method, we call HR-VQVAE, that learns hierarchical discrete representations of the data. By utilizing a novel objective function, each layer in HR-VQVAE learns a discrete representation of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-08-10 Mohammad Adiban , Kalin Stefanov , Sabato Marco Siniscalchi , Giampiero Salvi

The residual vector quantization (RVQ) technique plays a central role in recent advances in neural audio codecs. These models effectively synthesize high-fidelity audio from a limited number of codes due to the hierarchical structure among…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-24 Hyeongju Kim , Junhyeok Lee , Jacob Morton , Juheon Lee , Jinhyeok Yang

Vector quantization is a technique in machine learning that discretizes continuous representations into a set of discrete vectors. It is widely employed in tokenizing data representations for large language models, diffusion models, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Rushi Shah , Yudi Wu , Zhouhan Lin , Dianbo Liu

For autoregressive (AR) modeling of high-resolution images, vector quantization (VQ) represents an image as a sequence of discrete codes. A short sequence length is important for an AR model to reduce its computational costs to consider…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-03-10 Doyup Lee , Chiheon Kim , Saehoon Kim , Minsu Cho , Wook-Shin Han

Vector Quantization (VQ) techniques face significant challenges in codebook utilization, limiting reconstruction fidelity in image modeling. We introduce a Dual Codebook mechanism that effectively addresses this limitation by partitioning…

Vectorized quantum block encoding provides a way to embed classical data into Hilbert space, offering a pathway for quantum models, such as Quantum Transformers (QT), that replace classical self-attention with quantum circuit simulations to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-05 Ziqing Guo , Ziwen Pan , Alex Khan , Jan Balewski

In theory, vector quantization (VQ) is always better than scalar quantization (SQ) in terms of rate-distortion (R-D) performance. Recent state-of-the-art methods for neural image compression are mainly based on nonlinear transform coding…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Runsen Feng , Zongyu Guo , Weiping Li , Zhibo Chen

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

In this work, we developed and tested 3 techniques for vector quantization (VQ) based model weight compression. To mitigate codebook collapse and enable end-to-end training, we adopted cosine similarity-based assignment. Building on ideas…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Terry Gou , Puneet Gupta

Learning useful representations without supervision remains a key challenge in machine learning. In this paper, we propose a simple yet powerful generative model that learns such discrete representations. Our model, the Vector…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-05-31 Aaron van den Oord , Oriol Vinyals , Koray Kavukcuoglu

Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoders (VQ-VAE) are a powerful representation learning framework that can discover discrete groups of features from a speech signal without supervision. Until now, the VQ-VAE architecture has previously…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-05-19 Yi Zhao , Haoyu Li , Cheng-I Lai , Jennifer Williams , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi

Quantum autoencoder is a quantum neural network model for compressing information stored in quantum states. However, one needs to process information stored in quantum circuits for many tasks in the emerging quantum information technology.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-29 Jun Wu , Hao Fu , Mingzheng Zhu , Haiyue Zhang , Wei Xie , Xiang-Yang Li

The success of autoregressive models largely depends on the effectiveness of vector quantization, a technique that discretizes continuous features by mapping them to the nearest code vectors within a learnable codebook. Two critical issues…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Xianghong Fang , Litao Guo , Hengchao Chen , Yuxuan Zhang , XiaofanXia , Dingjie Song , Yexin Liu , Hao Wang , Harry Yang , Yuan Yuan , Qiang Sun

Selective manipulation of data attributes using deep generative models is an active area of research. In this paper, we present a novel method to structure the latent space of a Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) to encode different…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-07-30 Ashis Pati , Alexander Lerch

The increasing efficiency and compactness of deep learning architectures, together with hardware improvements, have enabled the complex and high-dimensional modelling of medical volumetric data at higher resolutions. Recently,…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-02-14 Petru-Daniel Tudosiu , Thomas Varsavsky , Richard Shaw , Mark Graham , Parashkev Nachev , Sebastien Ourselin , Carole H. Sudre , M. Jorge Cardoso

Autoencoders and their variations provide unsupervised models for learning low-dimensional representations for downstream tasks. Without proper regularization, autoencoder models are susceptible to the overfitting problem and the so-called…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-23 Hanwei Wu , Markus Flierl

Constructing a compressed latent space through a variational autoencoder (VAE) is the key for efficient 3D diffusion models. This paper introduces COD-VAE that encodes 3D shapes into a COmpact set of 1D latent vectors without sacrificing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 In Cho , Youngbeom Yoo , Subin Jeon , Seon Joo Kim

Variational AutoEncoders (VAEs) provide a means to generate representational latent embeddings. Previous research has highlighted the benefits of achieving representations that are disentangled, particularly for downstream tasks. However,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-11-18 Matthew J. Vowels , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden