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Machine learning accelerates molecular property prediction, yet state-of-the-art Large Language Models and Graph Neural Networks operate as black boxes. In drug discovery, where safety is critical, this opacity risks masking false…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Oscar Rivera , Ziqing Wang , Matthieu Dagommer , Abhishek Pandey , Kaize Ding

The widespread adoption of deep learning models in computer vision has intensified concerns about interpretability. Despite strong performance, these models are often treated as black boxes, with limited systematic investigation of their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Diego Marcos

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance interpretability by predicting human-understandable concepts as intermediate representations. However, existing CBMs often suffer from input-to-concept mapping bias and limited controllability, which…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Gaoxiang Huang , Songning Lai , Yutao Yue

Concept bottleneck models (CBM) are a popular way of creating more interpretable neural networks by having hidden layer neurons correspond to human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBMs and their variants have two crucial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Tuomas Oikarinen , Subhro Das , Lam M. Nguyen , Tsui-Wei Weng

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) promote interpretability by grounding predictions in human-understandable concepts. However, existing CBMs typically fix their task predictor to a single linear or Boolean expression, limiting both…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to enhance interpretability by predicting human-understandable concepts as intermediates for decision-making. However, these models often face challenges in ensuring reliable concept representations,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Yuxuan Cai , Xiyu Wang , Satoshi Tsutsui , Winnie Pang , Bihan Wen

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) predict through human-interpretable concepts, but they typically output point concept probabilities that conflate epistemic uncertainty (reducible model underspecification) with aleatoric uncertainty…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Tanmoy Mukherjee , Thomas Bailleux , Pierre Marquis , Zied Bouraoui

Concept Bottleneck Model (CBM) is a methods for explaining neural networks. In CBM, concepts which correspond to reasons of outputs are inserted in the last intermediate layer as observed values. It is expected that we can interpret the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-03-15 Naoki Hayashi , Yoshihide Sawada

In this paper, we investigate how concept-based models (CMs) respond to out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. CMs are interpretable neural architectures that first predict a set of high-level concepts (e.g., stripes, black) and then predict a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Mateo Espinosa Zarlenga , Gabriele Dominici , Pietro Barbiero , Zohreh Shams , Mateja Jamnik

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have emerged as critical tools in domains where interpretability is paramount. These models rely on predefined textual descriptions, referred to as concepts, to inform their decision-making process and offer…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-14 Maor Dikter , Tsachi Blau , Chaim Baskin

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) ground image classification on human-understandable concepts to allow for interpretable model decisions. Crucially, the CBM design inherently allows for human interventions, in which expert users are given…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-07 Nishad Singhi , Jae Myung Kim , Karsten Roth , Zeynep Akata

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are regarded as inherently interpretable because they first predict a set of human-defined concepts which are used to predict a task label. For inherent interpretability to be fully realised, and ensure…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-31 Jack Furby , Daniel Cunnington , Dave Braines , Alun Preece

The concept bottleneck model (CBM) is an interpretable-by-design framework that makes decisions by first predicting a set of interpretable concepts, and then predicting the class label based on the given concepts. Existing CBMs are trained…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Andong Tan , Fengtao Zhou , Hao Chen

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have recently been proposed to address the 'black-box' problem of deep neural networks, by first mapping images to a human-understandable concept space and then linearly combining concepts for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Sukrut Rao , Sweta Mahajan , Moritz Böhle , Bernt Schiele

The increasing complexity of AI models, especially in deep learning, has raised concerns about transparency and accountability, particularly in high-stakes applications like medical diagnostics, where opaque models can undermine trust.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Songning Lai , Yu Huang , Jiayu Yang , Gaoxiang Huang , Wenshuo Chen , Yutao Yue

The demand for reliable AI systems has intensified the need for interpretable deep neural networks. Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have gained attention as an effective approach by leveraging human-understandable concepts to enhance…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Sangwon Kim , Dasom Ahn , Byoung Chul Ko , In-su Jang , Kwang-Ju Kim

Catastrophic forgetting remains a fundamental challenge in continual learning, in which models often forget previous knowledge when fine-tuned on a new task. This issue is especially pronounced in class incremental learning (CIL), which is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Amirhosein Javadi , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tara Javidi , Tsui-Wei Weng

Explainable AI (XAI) is crucial for building transparent and trustworthy machine learning systems, especially in high-stakes domains. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have emerged as a promising ante-hoc approach that provides…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Hanwei Zhang , Luo Cheng , Rui Wen , Yang Zhang , Lijun Zhang , Holger Hermanns

The opaque nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to significant research efforts aimed at enhancing their interpretability, primarily through post-hoc methods. More recent in-hoc approaches, such as Concept Bottleneck Models…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Or Raphael Bidusa , Shaul Markovitch

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance the interpretability of AI systems, particularly by bridging visual input with human-understandable concepts, effectively acting as a form of multimodal interpretability model. However, existing CBMs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Songning Lai , Mingqian Liao , Zhangyi Hu , Jiayu Yang , Wenshuo Chen , Hongru Xiao , Jianheng Tang , Haicheng Liao , Yutao Yue