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Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to impressive alignment where models learn to distinguish harmful from harmless queries through supervised finetuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). In…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Jiahao Yu , Haozheng Luo , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Wenbo Guo , Han Liu , Xinyu Xing

Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly reshape modern life, advancing fields from healthcare to education and beyond. However, alongside their remarkable capabilities lies a significant threat: the susceptibility of these models to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Michael Fire , Yitzhak Elbazis , Adi Wasenstein , Lior Rokach

The integration of audio modality into Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) significantly expands their attack surface. Existing jailbreak paradigms predominantly treat audio as a carrier for malicious payloads, relying on semantic…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yanyun Wang , Yu Huang , Zi Liang , Xixin Wu , Li Liu

Recently, applications powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in tackling complex tasks. By harnessing the advanced reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge embedded in LLMs, these applications can…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Yuyang Zhang , Kangjie Chen , Jiaxin Gao , Ronghao Cui , Run Wang , Lina Wang , Tianwei Zhang

Safely aligning large language models (LLMs) often demands extensive human-labeled preference data, a process that's both costly and time-consuming. While synthetic data offers a promising alternative, current methods frequently rely on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Kyubyung Chae , Hyunbin Jin , Taesup Kim

Despite the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which can compromise their safety mechanisms. Existing studies often rely on brute-force optimization or manual design, failing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Haoming Yang , Ke Ma , Xiaojun Jia , Yingfei Sun , Qianqian Xu , Qingming Huang

Vision-language models (VLMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with vision encoders, enabling text generation conditioned on both images and text. However, this multimodal integration expands the attack surface by exposing the model to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Kaiyuan Cui , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Xingjun Ma , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie , Hanxun Huang

With the emergence of strong vision language capabilities, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated tremendous potential for real-world applications. However, the security vulnerabilities exhibited by the visual modality…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Ziqi Miao , Yi Ding , Lijun Li , Jing Shao

The increasing sophistication of large vision-language models (LVLMs) has been accompanied by advances in safety alignment mechanisms designed to prevent harmful content generation. However, these defenses remain vulnerable to sophisticated…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Quanchen Zou , Zonghao Ying , Moyang Chen , Wenzhuo Xu , Yisong Xiao , Yakai Li , Deyue Zhang , Dongdong Yang , Zhao Liu , Xiangzheng Zhang

Recent studies have widely investigated backdoor attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) by inserting harmful question-answer (QA) pairs into their training data. However, we revisit existing attacks and identify two critical limitations:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Jiawei Kong , Hao Fang , Xiaochen Yang , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu , Han Qiu

The study of large language models (LLMs) is a key area in open-world machine learning. Although LLMs demonstrate remarkable natural language processing capabilities, they also face several challenges, including consistency issues,…

Jailbreak attacks to Large audio-language models (LALMs) are studied recently, but they exclusively focused on the attack scenario where the adversary can fully manipulate user prompts (named strong adversary) and limited in effectiveness,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Guangke Chen , Fu Song , Zhe Zhao , Xiaojun Jia , Yang Liu , Yanchen Qiao , Weizhe Zhang , Weiping Tu , Yuhong Yang , Bo Du

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized software development through AI-assisted coding tools, enabling developers with limited programming expertise to create sophisticated applications. However, this accessibility extends to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Yifan Huang , Xiaojun Jia , Wenbo Guo , Yuqiang Sun , Yihao Huang , Chong Wang , Yang Liu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex problems by generating structured, step-by-step reasoning content. However, exposing a model's internal reasoning process introduces additional…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

The fast advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving an increasing number of applications. Together with the growing number of users, we also see an increasing number of attackers who try to outsmart these systems. They want…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Patrick Levi , Christoph P. Neumann

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly integrated with various applications. To ensure that LLMs do not generate unsafe responses, they are aligned with safeguards that specify what content is restricted. However, such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-08 Hongyu Cai , Arjun Arunasalam , Leo Y. Lin , Antonio Bianchi , Z. Berkay Celik

As large language models (LLMs) are becoming more capable and widespread, the study of their failure cases is becoming increasingly important. Recent advances in standardizing, measuring, and scaling test-time compute suggest new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Mahdi Sabbaghi , Paul Kassianik , George Pappas , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi , Hamed Hassani

Safety alignment mechanism are essential for preventing large language models (LLMs) from generating harmful information or unethical content. However, cleverly crafted prompts can bypass these safety measures without accessing the model's…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in a wide range of applications, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks that circumvent their safety guardrails. Existing evaluation frameworks typically report binary…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Zvi Topol

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to align with human values in their responses. This study exploits LLMs with an iterative prompting technique where each prompt is systematically modified and refined across multiple iterations to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Shih-Wen Ke , Guan-Yu Lai , Guo-Lin Fang , Hsi-Yuan Kao