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The indistinguishability of large language model (LLM) output from human-authored content poses significant challenges, raising concerns about potential misuse of AI-generated text and its influence on future model training. Watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Alexander Nemecek , Yuzhou Jiang , Erman Ayday

We present the first in depth study on the robustness of existing watermarking techniques applied to code generated by large language models (LLMs). As LLMs increasingly contribute to software development, watermarking has emerged as a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Tarun Suresh , Shubham Ugare , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

The rise of LLMs has increased concerns over source tracing and copyright protection for AIGC, highlighting the need for advanced detection technologies. Passive detection methods usually face high false positives, while active watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Jiantao Zhou , Yain-Whar Si

In this paper, we initiate the study of \emph{multi-designated detector watermarking (MDDW)} for large language models (LLMs). This technique allows model providers to generate watermarked outputs from LLMs with two key properties: (i) only…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Zhengan Huang , Gongxian Zeng , Xin Mu , Yu Wang , Yue Yu

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) for sensitive applications has highlighted the need for effective watermarking techniques to ensure the provenance and accountability of AI-generated text. However, most existing watermarking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Yepeng Liu , Xuandong Zhao , Christopher Kruegel , Dawn Song , Yuheng Bu

LLMs now exhibit human-like skills in various fields, leading to worries about misuse. Thus, detecting generated text is crucial. However, passive detection methods are stuck in domain specificity and limited adversarial robustness. To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-17 Xi Yang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Chang Liu , Yuang Qi , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

Large language model (LLM) watermarks enable authentication of text provenance, curb misuse of machine-generated text, and promote trust in AI systems. Current watermarks operate by changing the next-token predictions output by an LLM. The…

We introduce the first watermark tailored for diffusion language models (DLMs), an emergent LLM paradigm able to generate tokens in arbitrary order, in contrast to standard autoregressive language models (ARLMs) which generate tokens…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Thibaud Gloaguen , Robin Staab , Nikola Jovanović , Martin Vechev

With generative models producing high quality images that are indistinguishable from real ones, there is growing concern regarding the malicious usage of AI-generated images. Imperceptible image watermarking is one viable solution towards…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Ahmad Rezaei , Mohammad Akbari , Saeed Ranjbar Alvar , Arezou Fatemi , Yong Zhang

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about content traceability and potential misuse. Existing watermarking schemes for sampled text often face trade-offs between maintaining text quality and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-17 Shizhan Cai , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

As large language models (LLMs) generate texts with increasing fluency and realism, there is a growing need to identify the source of texts to prevent the abuse of LLMs. Text watermarking techniques have proven reliable in distinguishing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-04 Lean Wang , Wenkai Yang , Deli Chen , Hao Zhou , Yankai Lin , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Text watermarking for large language models (LLMs) enables model owners to verify text origin and protect intellectual property. While watermarking methods for closed-source LLMs are relatively mature, extending them to open-source models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Jiaqi Xue , Yifei Zhao , Mansour Al Ghanim , Shangqian Gao , Ruimin Sun , Qian Lou , Mengxin Zheng

Watermarking is a technique that involves embedding nearly unnoticeable statistical signals within generated content to help trace its source. This work focuses on a scenario where an untrusted third-party user sends prompts to a trusted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Xingchi Li , Guanxun Li , Xianyang Zhang

In the present-day scenario, Large Language Models (LLMs) are establishing their presence as powerful instruments permeating various sectors of society. While their utility offers valuable support to individuals, there are multiple concerns…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Monica Millunzi , Amelia Sorrenti , Lorenzo Baraldi , Daryna Dementieva

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into diverse industries, posing substantial security risks due to unauthorized replication and misuse. To mitigate these concerns, robust identification mechanisms are widely…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Xuhong Wang , Haoyu Jiang , Yi Yu , Jingru Yu , Yilun Lin , Ping Yi , Yingchun Wang , Yu Qiao , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

Watermarking generative-AI systems, such as LLMs, has gained considerable interest, driven by their enhanced capabilities across a wide range of tasks. Although current approaches have demonstrated that small, context-dependent shifts in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-29 Piotr Molenda , Adian Liusie , Mark J. F. Gales

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for text generation, watermarking has become essential for authorship attribution, intellectual property protection, and misuse detection. While existing watermarking methods perform…

Recent advancements in watermarking techniques have enabled the embedding of secret messages into AI-generated text (AIGT), serving as an important mechanism for AIGT detection. Existing methods typically interfere with the generation…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Peiru Yang , Xintian Li , Wanchun Ni , Jinhua Yin , Huili Wang , Guoshun Nan , Shangguang Wang , Yongfeng Huang , Tao Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethical implications of the content they produce, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Zesen Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated, they raise significant security concerns, including the creation of fake news and academic misuse. Most detectors for identifying model-generated text are limited by their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng