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Speculative decoding (SD) accelerates language model inference by drafting tokens from a cheap proposal model and verifying them against an expensive target model via rejection sampling. Because rejection truncates the draft block at the…

Despite its groundbreaking success in Go and computer games, Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is computationally expensive as it requires a substantial number of rollouts to construct the search tree, which calls for effective…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-06 Anji Liu , Yitao Liang , Ji Liu , Guy Van den Broeck , Jianshu Chen

Deep Neural Network guided Monte-Carlo Tree Search (DNN-MCTS) is a powerful class of AI algorithms. In DNN-MCTS, a Deep Neural Network model is trained collaboratively with a dynamic Monte-Carlo search tree to guide the agent towards…

性能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Yuan Meng , Qian Wang , Tianxin Zu , Viktor Prasanna

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), most famously used in game-play artificial intelligence (e.g., the game of Go), is a well-known strategy for constructing approximate solutions to sequential decision problems. Its primary innovation is the…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2017-04-21 Daniel R. Jiang , Lina Al-Kanj , Warren B. Powell

This paper introduces the MCTS algorithm to the financial world and focuses on solving significant multi-period financial planning models by combining a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm with a deep neural network. The MCTS provides an…

计算金融 · 定量金融 2022-05-19 Afşar Onat Aydınhan , Xiaoyue Li , John M. Mulvey

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) has driven many recent breakthroughs in deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, scaling MCTS to parallel compute has proven challenging in practice which has motivated alternative planners like sequential…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-09 Joery A. de Vries , Jinke He , Yaniv Oren , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

The AlphaZero/MuZero (A/MZ) family of algorithms has achieved remarkable success across various challenging domains by integrating Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) with learned models. Learned models introduce epistemic uncertainty, which is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Yaniv Oren , Viliam Vadocz , Matthijs T. J. Spaan , Wendelin Böhmer

In this work, we consider the popular tree-based search strategy within the framework of reinforcement learning, the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), in the context of infinite-horizon discounted cost Markov Decision Process (MDP). While…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-01-14 Devavrat Shah , Qiaomin Xie , Zhi Xu

In this study, we explore the efficiency of the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), a prominent decision-making algorithm renowned for its effectiveness in complex decision environments, contingent upon the volume of simulations conducted.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Ye Zhang , Mengran Zhu , Kailin Gui , Jiayue Yu , Yong Hao , Haozhan Sun

Tree-search-based reasoning methods have significantly enhanced the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) by facilitating the exploration of multiple intermediate reasoning steps, i.e., thoughts. However, these methods suffer…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Zhihai Wang , Jie Wang , Jilai Pan , Xilin Xia , Huiling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Jianye Hao , Feng Wu

Inference-time scaling strategies, particularly Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current approaches remain predominantly stateless, discarding…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Hao Lu , Haoyuan Huang , Yulin Zhou , Chen Li , Ningxin Zhu

Popular Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) algorithms for online planning, such as epsilon-greedy tree search and UCT, aim at rapidly identifying a reasonably good action, but provide rather poor worst-case guarantees on performance improvement…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2013-09-27 Zohar Feldman , Carmel Domshlak

We present an extension of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) that strongly increases its efficiency for trees with asymmetry and/or loops. Asymmetric termination of search trees introduces a type of uncertainty for which the standard upper…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-05-24 Thomas M. Moerland , Joost Broekens , Aske Plaat , Catholijn M. Jonker

NoSQL databases have been widely adopted in big data analytics, geospatial applications, and healthcare services, due to their flexibility and scalability. However, querying NoSQL databases requires specialized technical expertise, creating…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-02-16 Xubang Xiong , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong , Yuanfeng Song

Automated algorithm discovery in scientific computing faces fundamental challenges: vast design spaces with expensive evaluations, domain-specific physical constraints requiring expert knowledge, and the necessity for interpretable…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 He Wang , Liang Zeng

Outcome-reward reinforcement learning (RL) is a common and increasingly significant way to refine the step-by-step reasoning of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). In the multiple-choice setting - a dominant format for multimodal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Jiahao Wang , Weiye Xu , Aijun Yang , Wengang Zhou , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Jinguo Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising capabilities for tackling complex reasoning tasks, including optimization problems. However, existing methods either rely on prompt engineering, which leads to poor generalization across problem…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Dong Li , Xujiang Zhao , Linlin Yu , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Zhengzhang Chen , Zhong Chen , Feng Chen , Chen Zhao , Haifeng Chen

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought substantial attention to the Chain of Thought (CoT) approach, primarily due to its ability to enhance the capability of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks. Moreover, the significance…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Bingshuai Liu , Chenyang Lyu , Zijun Min , Zhanyu Wang , Jinsong Su , Longyue Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in the biomedical domain with the advancement of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, existing retrieval-augmented approaches face challenges in addressing diverse queries…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Minda Hu , Licheng Zong , Hongru Wang , Jingyan Zhou , Jingjing Li , Yichen Gao , Kam-Fai Wong , Yu Li , Irwin King

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a family of sampling-based search algorithms widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains and at the heart of many recent advances in artificial intelligence. Understanding the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Yiyu Qian , Tim Miller , Zheng Qian , Liyuan Zhao