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Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing large language models (LLMs). However, while uniform-precision quantization is computationally efficient, it often compromises model performance. To address this, we…

Rotations have become essential to state-of-the-art quantization pipelines for large language models (LLMs) by effectively smoothing outliers in weights and activations. However, further optimizing the rotation parameters offers only…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Liulu He , Shenli Zheng , Karwei Sun , Yijiang Liu , Yufei Zhao , Chongkang Tan , Huanrui Yang , Yuan Du , Li Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) deliver strong performance across a wide range of NLP tasks, but their massive sizes hinder deployment on resource-constrained devices. To reduce their computational and memory burden, various compression…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Dung Anh Hoang , Cuong Pham , Cuong Nguyen , Trung le , Jianfei Cai , Thanh-Toan Do

Likelihood-based generative models are the backbones of lossless compression due to the guaranteed existence of codes with lengths close to negative log likelihood. However, there is no guaranteed existence of computationally efficient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-07 Jonathan Ho , Evan Lohn , Pieter Abbeel

As the size of large language models (LLMs) continues to grow, model compression without sacrificing accuracy has become a crucial challenge for deployment. While some quantization methods, such as GPTQ, have made progress in achieving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-14 Liang Li , Qingyuan Li , Bo Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Reducing bit-widths of weights, activations, and gradients of a Neural Network can shrink its storage size and memory usage, and also allow for faster training and inference by exploiting bitwise operations. However, previous attempts for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-12-01 Qinyao He , He Wen , Shuchang Zhou , Yuxin Wu , Cong Yao , Xinyu Zhou , Yuheng Zou

Post-training quantization (PTQ) techniques applied to weights, activations, and the KV cache greatly reduce memory usage, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), but may lead to large quantization errors when…

We introduce an algorithm where the individual bits representing the weights of a neural network are learned. This method allows training weights with integer values on arbitrary bit-depths and naturally uncovers sparse networks, without…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-22 Cristian Ivan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in language-related tasks, but their deployment poses significant challenges due to substantial memory and storage requirements. Weight-only quantization has emerged as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Wenhua Cheng , Weiwei Zhang , Haihao Shen , Yiyang Cai , Xin He , Kaokao Lv , Yi Liu

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) has outpaced the memory constraints of edge devices, necessitating extreme weight compression beyond the 1-bit limit. While quantization reduces model size, it is fundamentally limited to 1…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Sunan Zou , Ziyun Zhang , Xueting Sun , Guojie Luo

Recent Large-Language Models (LLMs) pruning methods typically operate at the post-training phase without the expensive weight finetuning, however, their pruning criteria often rely on heuristically hand-crafted metrics, potentially leading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Yuan Gao , Zujing Liu , Weizhong Zhang , Bo Du , Gui-Song Xia

Current methods which compress multisets at an optimal rate have computational complexity that scales linearly with alphabet size, making them too slow to be practical in many real-world settings. We show how to convert a compression…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2023-02-28 Daniel Severo , James Townsend , Ashish Khisti , Alireza Makhzani , Karen Ullrich

Fine-tuning is a crucial process for adapting large language models (LLMs) to diverse applications. In certain scenarios, such as multi-tenant serving, deploying multiple LLMs becomes necessary to meet complex demands. Recent studies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Bowen Ping , Shuo Wang , Hanqing Wang , Xu Han , Yuzhuang Xu , Yukun Yan , Yun Chen , Baobao Chang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The increasing size and complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) pose challenges for their deployment on personal computers and mobile devices. Aggressive post-training model compression is necessary to reduce the models' size, but it…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Zining Zhang , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , Zhenjie Zhang

The inference of Large language models (LLMs) requires immense computation and memory resources. To curtail these costs, quantisation has merged as a promising solution, but existing LLM quantisation mainly focuses on 8-bit. In this work,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-15 Cheng Zhang , Jianyi Cheng , Ilia Shumailov , George A. Constantinides , Yiren Zhao

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow dramatically in size, there is an increasing trend in compressing and speeding up these models. Previous studies have highlighted the usefulness of gradients for importance scoring in neural network…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Hongrong Cheng , Miao Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Structured pruning of modern large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a way of decreasing their high computational needs. Width pruning reduces the size of projection weight matrices (e.g., by removing attention heads) while maintaining…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Bo-Kyeong Kim , Geonmin Kim , Tae-Ho Kim , Thibault Castells , Shinkook Choi , Junho Shin , Hyoung-Kyu Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across tasks, but face storage and compute challenges on edge devices. We propose EntroLLM, a compression framework combining mixed quantization and entropy coding to reduce storage…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Arnab Sanyal , Gourav Datta , Prithwish Mukherjee , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Michael Orshansky

The bits-back argument suggests that latent variable models can be turned into lossless compression schemes. Translating the bits-back argument into efficient and practical lossless compression schemes for general latent variable models,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-03 Friso H. Kingma , Pieter Abbeel , Jonathan Ho

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White