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In the real world, a learning system could receive an input that is unlike anything it has seen during training. Unfortunately, out-of-distribution samples can lead to unpredictable behaviour. We need to know whether any given input belongs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-08-21 Alireza Shafaei , Mark Schmidt , James J. Little

Deep ensembles have emerged as a powerful technique for improving predictive performance and enhancing model robustness across various applications by leveraging model diversity. However, traditional deep ensemble methods are often…

Digital twins have been actively explored in many engineering applications, such as manufacturing and autonomous systems. However, model discrepancy is ubiquitous in most digital twin models and has significant impacts on the performance of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Huchen Yang , Chuanqi Chen , Jin-Long Wu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a task that detects OOD samples during inference to ensure the safety of deployed models. However, conventional benchmarks have reached performance saturation, making it difficult to compare recent OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Shiho Noda , Atsuyuki Miyai , Qing Yu , Go Irie , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Detection of out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is crucial for safe real-world deployment of machine learning models. Recent advances in vision language foundation models have made them capable of detecting OOD samples without requiring…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-12 Hao Fu , Naman Patel , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami

Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Open set recognition (OSR) requires the model to classify samples that belong to closed sets while rejecting unknown samples during test. Currently, generative models often perform better than discriminative models in OSR, but recent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-15 Yu Wang , Junxian Mu , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu

Detecting deepfakes has become a critical challenge in Computer Vision and Artificial Intelligence. Despite significant progress in detection techniques, generalizing them to open-set scenarios continues to be a persistent difficulty.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Luca Maiano , Fabrizio Casadei , Irene Amerini

The Ensemble of Classifiers (EoC) has been shown to be effective in improving the performance of single classifiers by combining their outputs, and one of the most important properties involved in the selection of the best EoC from a pool…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2014-08-14 Albert H. R. Ko , Robert Sabourin , Alceu S. Britto , Luiz E. S. Oliveira

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

Machine learning models encounter Out-of-Distribution (OoD) errors when the data seen at test time are generated from a different stochastic generator than the one used to generate the training data. One proposal to scale OoD detection to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-05-27 Hyunsun Choi , Eric Jang , Alexander A. Alemi

Deep Learning models are easily disturbed by variations in the input images that were not seen during training, resulting in unpredictable behaviours. Such Out-of-Distribution (OOD) images represent a significant challenge in the context of…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-10-28 Benjamin Lambert , Florence Forbes , Senan Doyle , Alan Tucholka , Michel Dojat

Unsupervised Anomaly detection (AD) requires building a notion of normalcy, distinguishing in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) data, using only available ID samples. Recently, large gains were made on this task for the domain…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-03-22 Mohamed Yousef , Marcel Ackermann , Unmesh Kurup , Tom Bishop

Efficiently and reliably estimating uncertainty is an important objective in deep learning. It is especially pertinent to autoregressive sequence tasks, where training and inference costs are typically very high. However, existing research…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-18 Yassir Fathullah , Guoxuan Xia , Mark Gales

Learning robust vision models that perform well in out-of-distribution (OOD) situations is an important task for model deployment in real-world settings. Despite extensive research in this field, many proposed methods have only shown minor…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Gyuseong Lee , Wooseok Jang , Jinhyeon Kim , Jaewoo Jung , Seungryong Kim

Identifying unfamiliar inputs, also known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, is a crucial property of any decision making process. A simple and empirically validated technique is based on deep ensembles where the variance of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Seijin Kobayashi , Pau Vilimelis Aceituno , Johannes von Oswald

This paper introduces a novel method leveraging bi-encoder-based detectors along with a comprehensive study comparing different out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods in NLP using different feature extractors. The feature extraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Louis Owen , Biddwan Ahmed , Abhay Kumar

Semantic edge detection (SED), which aims at jointly extracting edges as well as their category information, has far-reaching applications in domains such as semantic segmentation, object proposal generation, and object recognition. SED…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-10-28 Yun Liu , Ming-Ming Cheng , Deng-Ping Fan , Le Zhang , JiaWang Bian , Dacheng Tao

Improving the reliability of deployed machine learning systems often involves developing methods to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, existing research often narrowly focuses on samples from classes that are absent from the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-11 Charles Guille-Escuret , Pierre-André Noël , Ioannis Mitliagkas , David Vazquez , Joao Monteiro

Modern machine learning models deployed in the wild can encounter both covariate and semantic shifts, giving rise to the problems of out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization and OOD detection respectively. While both problems have received…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-22 Haoyue Bai , Gregory Canal , Xuefeng Du , Jeongyeol Kwon , Robert Nowak , Yixuan Li