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Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Intelligent agents must pursue their goals in complex environments with partial information and often limited computational capacity. Reinforcement learning methods have achieved great success by creating agents that optimize engineered…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-07 Alejandro Daniel Noel , Charel van Hoof , Beren Millidge

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but such training typically demands substantial efforts in creating and annotating data. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Hangfan Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Zhimeng Guo , Huaisheng Zhu , Shicheng Liu , Xinrun Wang , Qiaosheng Zhang , Yang Chen , Peng Ye , Lei Bai , Shuyue Hu

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key technique for aligning the output of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. To learn the reward function, most existing RLHF algorithms use the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-11 Kai Ye , Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Francesco Quinzan , Chengchun Shi

We consider the problem of performing inverse reinforcement learning when the trajectory of the expert is not perfectly observed by the learner. Instead, a noisy continuous-time observation of the trajectory is provided to the learner. This…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2017-10-30 Shervin Shahryari , Prashant Doshi

Agents trained in simulation may make errors in the real world due to mismatches between training and execution environments. These mistakes can be dangerous and difficult to discover because the agent cannot predict them a priori. We…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-05-24 Ramya Ramakrishnan , Ece Kamar , Debadeepta Dey , Julie Shah , Eric Horvitz

To widen their accessibility and increase their utility, intelligent agents must be able to learn complex behaviors as specified by (non-expert) human users. Moreover, they will need to learn these behaviors within a reasonable amount of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-13 Dilip Arumugam , Jun Ki Lee , Sophie Saskin , Michael L. Littman

Current research in dialogue systems is focused on conversational assistants working on short conversations in either task-oriented or open domain settings. In this paper, we focus on improving task-based conversational assistants online,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-06 Ruijie Zhou , Soham Deshmukh , Jeremiah Greer , Charles Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great success in solving many challenging tasks via use of deep neural networks. Although using deep learning for RL brings immense representational power, it also causes a well-known…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-18 Sahir , Ercüment İlhan , Srijita Das , Matthew E. Taylor

Inverse Reinforcement Learning addresses the problem of inferring an expert's reward function from demonstrations. However, in many applications, we not only have access to the expert's near-optimal behavior, but we also observe part of her…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-03 Giorgia Ramponi , Gianluca Drappo , Marcello Restelli

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

We study the problem of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) with the added twist that the learner is assisted by a helpful teacher. More formally, we tackle the following algorithmic question: How could a teacher provide an informative…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-07 Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Rati Devidze , Volkan Cevher , Adish Singla

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a prominent method for post-training Large Language Models (LLMs). However, verifiers are rarely error-free; even deterministic checks can be inaccurate, and the growing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Andreas Plesner , Francisco Guzmán , Anish Athalye

Obtaining reliable state preparation protocols is a key step towards practical implementation of many quantum technologies, and one of the main tasks in quantum control. In this work, different reinforcement learning approaches are used to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-09-04 Manuel Guatto , Gian Antonio Susto , Francesco Ticozzi

Reinforcement learning (RL) to improve code review comment generation requires handling unstructured outputs, making reinforcement learning (RL) feedback challenging. The two main RL approaches, namely RL with Verifiable Feedback (RLVR) and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Manav Nitin Kapadnis , Atharva Naik , Carolyn Rose

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become widely adopted in robot control. Despite many successes, one major persisting problem can be very low data efficiency. One solution is interactive feedback, which has been shown to speed up RL…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Daniel Harnack , Julie Pivin-Bachler , Nicolás Navarro-Guerrero

Today, the optimal performance of existing noise-suppression algorithms, both data-driven and those based on classic statistical methods, is range bound to specific levels of instantaneous input signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-07-30 Rasool Fakoor , Xiaodong He , Ivan Tashev , Shuayb Zarar

In real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), noise from inherent stochasticity of environments is inevitable. However, current policy evaluation algorithms, which plays a key role in many RL algorithms, are either prone to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-19 Tadashi Kozuno , Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya

Recently, extensive studies in Reinforcement Learning have been carried out on the ability of transformers to adapt in-context to various environments and tasks. Current in-context RL methods are limited by their strict requirements for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-13 Ilya Zisman , Vladislav Kurenkov , Alexander Nikulin , Viacheslav Sinii , Sergey Kolesnikov

In reinforcement learning (RL), sparse rewards are a natural way to specify the task to be learned. However, most RL algorithms struggle to learn in this setting since the learning signal is mostly zeros. In contrast, humans are good at…