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Alignment is vital for safely deploying large language models (LLMs). Existing techniques are either reward-based (training a reward model on preference pairs and optimizing with reinforcement learning) or reward-free (directly fine-tuning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ruoxi Cheng , Haoxuan Ma , Weixin Wang , Ranjie Duan , Jiexi Liu , Xiaoshuang Jia , Simeng Qin , Xiaochun Cao , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Jia

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for solving various control, optimization, and sequential decision making tasks. However, designing reward functions for complex tasks (e.g., with multiple objectives and safety…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-07-23 Xuan Zhao , Marcos Campos

The optimal objective is a fundamental aspect of reinforcement learning (RL), as it determines how policies are evaluated and optimized. While total return maximization is the ideal objective in RL, discounted return maximization is the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-19 Shuyu Yin , Fei Wen , Peilin Liu , Tao Luo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) serves as a versatile framework for sequential decision-making, finding applications across diverse domains such as robotics, autonomous driving, recommendation systems, supply chain optimization, biology,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-26 Vaneet Aggarwal , Washim Uddin Mondal , Qinbo Bai

Designing dense reward functions is pivotal for efficient robotic Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, most dense rewards rely on manual engineering, which fundamentally limits the scalability and automation of reinforcement learning.…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xunlan Zhou , Xuanlin Chen , Shaowei Zhang , ShengHua Wan , Xiaohai Hu , Lei Yuan , De-chuan Zhan

Meta reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) is an approach wherein the experience gained from solving a variety of tasks is distilled into a meta-policy. The meta-policy, when adapted over only a small (or just a single) number of steps, is able…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-28 Desik Rengarajan , Sapana Chaudhary , Jaewon Kim , Dileep Kalathil , Srinivas Shakkottai

Deep reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a powerful framework for training AI agents to coordinate with human partners. However, DRL faces two critical challenges in human-AI coordination (HAIC): sparse rewards and unpredictable human…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Xin Hao , Bahareh Nakisa , Mohmmad Naim Rastgoo , Gaoyang Pang

An excellent representation is crucial for reinforcement learning (RL) performance, especially in vision-based reinforcement learning tasks. The quality of the environment representation directly influences the achievement of the learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-07 Jiaxu Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jingkai Sun , Jiahang Cao , Gang Han , Wen Zhao , Weining Zhang , Yecheng Shao , Yijie Guo , Renjing Xu

In complex environments with large discrete action spaces, effective decision-making is critical in reinforcement learning (RL). Despite the widespread use of value-based RL approaches like Q-learning, they come with a computational burden,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-17 Fares Fourati , Vaneet Aggarwal , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Reinforcement learning agents learn from rewards, but humans can uniquely assign value to novel, abstract outcomes in a goal-dependent manner. However, this flexibility is cognitively costly, making learning less efficient. Here, we propose…

神经元与认知 · 定量生物学 2025-09-11 Gaia Molinaro , Anne G. E. Collins

Video generation models produce visually coherent content but struggle with tasks requiring spatial reasoning and multi-step planning. Reinforcement learning (RL) offers a path to improve generalization, but its effectiveness in video…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Ming Liu , Yunbei Zhang , Shilong Liu , Liwen Wang , Wensheng Zhang

Recently there has been a proliferation of intrinsic motivation (IM) reward-shaping methods to learn in complex and sparse-reward environments. These methods can often inadvertently change the set of optimal policies in an environment,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Grant C. Forbes , Leonardo Villalobos-Arias , Jianxun Wang , Arnav Jhala , David L. Roberts

Successfully navigating a complex environment to obtain a desired outcome is a difficult task, that up to recently was believed to be capable only by humans. This perception has been broken down over time, especially with the introduction…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-12 Joshua Hare

Modern Reinforcement Learning (RL) is more than just learning the optimal policy; Alternative learning goals such as exploring the environment, estimating the underlying model, and learning from preference feedback are all of practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Fan Chen , Song Mei , Yu Bai

While reinforcement learning (RL) has been successful in natural language processing (NLP) domains such as dialogue generation and text-based games, it typically faces the problem of sparse rewards that leads to slow or no convergence.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-07 Ameet Deshpande , Eve Fleisig

In this work, we investigate how to leverage pre-trained visual-language models (VLM) for online Reinforcement Learning (RL). In particular, we focus on sparse reward tasks with pre-defined textual task descriptions. We first identify the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Yuwei Fu , Haichao Zhang , Di Wu , Wei Xu , Benoit Boulet

Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning (GCRL) can enable agents to spontaneously set diverse goals to learn a set of skills. Despite the excellent works proposed in various fields, reaching distant goals in temporally extended tasks…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-07-21 Zhifeng Qian , Mingyu You , Hongjun Zhou , Xuanhui Xu , Bin He

The classic Reinforcement Learning (RL) formulation concerns the maximization of a scalar reward function. More recently, convex RL has been introduced to extend the RL formulation to all the objectives that are convex functions of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-30 Mirco Mutti , Riccardo De Santi , Piersilvio De Bartolomeis , Marcello Restelli

The application of reinforcement learning (RL) in robotic control is still limited in the environments with sparse and delayed rewards. In this paper, we propose a practical self-imitation learning method named Self-Imitation Learning with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-26 Zhixin Chen , Mengxiang Lin

Offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) provides a practical framework for obtaining goal-reaching policies from fixed datasets. However, learning a reliable goal-conditioned value function in long-horizon tasks remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Hyungkyu Kang , Byeongchan Kim , Min-hwan Oh