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Mixture of experts (MoE) are a popular class of statistical and machine learning models that have gained attention over the years due to their flexibility and efficiency. In this work, we consider Gaussian-gated localized MoE (GLoME) and…

统计理论 · 数学 2022-09-29 TrungTin Nguyen , Hien Duy Nguyen , Faicel Chamroukhi , Florence Forbes

Human education system trains one student by multiple experts. Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is a powerful sparse architecture including multiple experts. However, sparse MoE model is easy to overfit, hard to deploy, and not hardware-friendly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-26 Fuzhao Xue , Xiaoxin He , Xiaozhe Ren , Yuxuan Lou , Yang You

We introduce a Mixture of Raytraced Experts, a stacked Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture which can dynamically select sequences of experts, producing computational graphs of variable width and depth. Existing MoE architectures generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Andrea Perin , Giacomo Lagomarsini , Claudio Gallicchio , Giuseppe Nuti

Sparsely activated transformers, such as Mixture of Experts (MoE), have received great interest due to their outrageous scaling capability which enables dramatical increases in model size without significant increases in computational cost.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-05 Rui Liu , Young Jin Kim , Alexandre Muzio , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are widely used for efficiency and conditional computation, but their effect on the geometry of learned functions and representations remains poorly understood. We study MoEs through a geometric lens,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Feilong Liu

Many generation tasks follow a one-to-many mapping relationship: each input could be associated with multiple outputs. Existing methods like Conditional Variational AutoEncoder(CVAE) employ a latent variable to model this one-to-many…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-19 Shaobo Cui , Xintong Bao , Xuming Lin , Zhongzhou Zhao , Ji Zhang , Wei Zhou , Haiqing Chen

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to reduce computation cost through model sparsity. Employing speculative decoding (SD) can further accelerate MoE inference by drafting…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Liangkun Chen , Zijian Wen , Tian Wu , Xiaoxi Zhang , Chuan Wu

The surgence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) in Large Language Models promises a small price of execution cost for a much larger model parameter count and learning capacity, because only a small fraction of parameters are activated for each…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to architectures with billions to trillions of parameters, posing significant deployment challenges due to their substantial demands on memory, processing power, and energy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Enshu Liu , Junyi Zhu , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Matthew B. Blaschko , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Mixture-of-Experts layers achieve compute efficiency through weight sparsity: each token activates only a subset of experts. Data sparsity, where each expert processes only a subset of tokens, offers a complementary axis. Expert-choice…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Maciej Kilian , Oleg Mkrtchyan , Luke Zettlemoyer , Akshat Shrivastava , Armen Aghajanyan

Large language models are typically deployed as monolithic systems, requiring the full model even when applications need only a narrow subset of capabilities, e.g., code, math, or domain-specific knowledge. Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Ryan Wang , Akshita Bhagia , Sewon Min

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models can reduce computational costs by 2-4$\times$ compared to dense models without sacrificing performance, making them more efficient in computation-bounded scenarios. However, MoE models generally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Bowen Pan , Yikang Shen , Haokun Liu , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Aude Oliva , Colin Raffel , Rameswar Panda

Sparse expert models are a thirty-year old concept re-emerging as a popular architecture in deep learning. This class of architecture encompasses Mixture-of-Experts, Switch Transformers, Routing Networks, BASE layers, and others, all with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 William Fedus , Jeff Dean , Barret Zoph

The interpretability of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, especially those with heterogeneous designs, remains underexplored. Existing attribution methods for dense models fail to capture dynamic routing-expert interactions in sparse MoE…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-12 Junzhuo Li , Bo Wang , Xiuze Zhou , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers have been shown to substantially increase model capacity without a proportional increase in computational cost and are widely used in transformer architectures, where they typically replace…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

The cosine router in Mixture of Experts (MoE) has recently emerged as an attractive alternative to the conventional linear router. Indeed, the cosine router demonstrates favorable performance in image and language tasks and exhibits better…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-03-06 Huy Nguyen , Pedram Akbarian , Trang Pham , Trang Nguyen , Shujian Zhang , Nhat Ho

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures leverage sparse activation to enhance the scalability of large language models (LLMs), making them suitable for deployment in resource-constrained edge networks. However, the sheer number of experts…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

Sparse mixture of experts provides larger model capacity while requiring a constant computational overhead. It employs the routing mechanism to distribute input tokens to the best-matched experts according to their hidden representations.…

The classification of stellar light curves has become a key task in modern time-domain astronomy, fueled by the rapid growth of data from large-scale surveys such as Kepler and TESS. Although deep learning models have achieved high accuracy…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2025-07-21 Cunshi Wang , Yu Bai , Xinrui Song , Jiacheng Xu , Henggeng Han , Yuyang Li , Xinjie Hu , Huiqin Yang , Jifeng Liu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures combine specialized predictors through a learned gate and are effective across regression and classification, but for classification with softmax multinomial-logistic gating, rigorous guarantees for…