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Meta reinforcement learning (Meta-RL) methods such as RL$^2$ have emerged as promising approaches for learning data-efficient RL algorithms tailored to a given task distribution. However, they show poor asymptotic performance and struggle…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Abhinav Bhatia , Samer B. Nashed , Shlomo Zilberstein

The ability to plan into the future while utilizing only raw high-dimensional observations, such as images, can provide autonomous agents with broad capabilities. Visual model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods that plan future…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-10 Oleh Rybkin , Chuning Zhu , Anusha Nagabandi , Kostas Daniilidis , Igor Mordatch , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning is able to solve complex sequential decision-making tasks but is currently limited by sample efficiency and required computation. To improve sample efficiency, recent work focuses on model-based RL which interleaves…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-19 Yi Zhao , Wenshuai Zhao , Rinu Boney , Juho Kannala , Joni Pajarinen

Recently DeepSeek R1 has shown that reinforcement learning (RL) can substantially improve the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through a simple yet effective design. The core of R1 lies in its rule-based reward…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Haozhan Shen , Peng Liu , Jingcheng Li , Chunxin Fang , Yibo Ma , Jiajia Liao , Qiaoli Shen , Zilun Zhang , Kangjia Zhao , Qianqian Zhang , Ruochen Xu , Tiancheng Zhao

Parallel thinking has emerged as a novel approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by exploring multiple reasoning paths concurrently. However, activating such capabilities through training remains…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Tong Zheng , Hongming Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Xiaoyang Wang , Runpeng Dai , Rui Liu , Huiwen Bao , Chengsong Huang , Heng Huang , Dong Yu

Humans can perceive and reason about spatial relationships from sequential visual observations, such as egocentric video streams. However, how pretrained models acquire such abilities, especially high-level reasoning, remains unclear. This…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Baining Zhao , Ziyou Wang , Jianjie Fang , Chen Gao , Fanhang Man , Jinqiang Cui , Xin Wang , Xinlei Chen , Yong Li , Wenwu Zhu

Recent successes of reinforcement learning (RL) in training large reasoning models motivate the question of whether self-training - the process where a model learns from its own judgments - can be sustained within RL. In this work, we study…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Sheikh Shafayat , Fahim Tajwar , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jeff Schneider , Andrea Zanette

Scaling model size and training data has led to great advances in the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the diminishing returns of this approach necessitate alternative methods to improve model capabilities, particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Daman Arora , Andrea Zanette

Training sophisticated agents for optimal decision-making under uncertainty has been key to the rapid development of modern autonomous systems across fields. Notably, model-free reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled decision-making agents…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-21 Thomas Banker , Ali Mesbah

Meta reinforcement learning (Meta RL) has been amply explored to quickly learn an unseen task by transferring previously learned knowledge from similar tasks. However, most state-of-the-art algorithms require the meta-training tasks to have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-14 Lu Wen , Songan Zhang , H. Eric Tseng , Huei Peng

Planning methods can solve temporally extended sequential decision making problems by composing simple behaviors. However, planning requires suitable abstractions for the states and transitions, which typically need to be designed by hand.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-20 Soroush Nasiriany , Vitchyr H. Pong , Steven Lin , Sergey Levine

Reasoning models (RMs), language models (LMs) trained with reinforcement learning to produce long-form natural language reasoning, have been remarkably successful, but they still require large amounts of computation and data to train, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Cedegao E. Zhang , Cédric Colas , Gabriel Poesia , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jacob Andreas

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables learning control policies by utilizing only prior experience, without any online interaction. This can allow robots to acquire generalizable skills from large and diverse datasets, without any…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-24 Aviral Kumar , Anikait Singh , Stephen Tian , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs) but typically requires ground-truth rewards. Test-Time Reinforcement Learning (TTRL) removes this need by using majority-vote rewards, but relies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Aleksei Arzhantsev , Otmane Sakhi , Flavian Vasile

While reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of language models, the training dynamics of RL in LLMs remain unclear. In this work, we provide an explanation of the RL training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Xingwu Chen , Tianle Li , Difan Zou

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently demonstrated notable success in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly on mathematics and programming tasks. Similar to how…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Yang Yue , Zhiqi Chen , Rui Lu , Andrew Zhao , Zhaokai Wang , Yang Yue , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

In this paper, we propose R$^3$: Learning Reasoning through Reverse Curriculum Reinforcement Learning (RL), a novel method that employs only outcome supervision to achieve the benefits of process supervision for large language models. The…

Learning effective representations in image-based environments is crucial for sample efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL). Unfortunately, in RL, representation learning is confounded with the exploratory experience of the agent -- learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-21 Denis Yarats , Rob Fergus , Alessandro Lazaric , Lerrel Pinto

Reinforcement learning (RL) solves sequential decision-making problems via a trial-and-error process interacting with the environment. While RL achieves outstanding success in playing complex video games that allow huge trial-and-error,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-22 Fan-Ming Luo , Tian Xu , Hang Lai , Xiong-Hui Chen , Weinan Zhang , Yang Yu