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Photon counting detectors such as single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are commonly considered for reliable optical wireless communication at power limited regimes. However, SPAD-based receivers suffer from significant dead time…
Single-photon detectors based on avalanche photodiodes (SPAD) are key elements of many modern highly sensitive optical systems. One of the bottlenecks of such detectors is a afterpulsing effect which limits a detection rate and requires an…
We characterize the practical photon-counting receiver in optical scattering communication with finite sampling rate and electrical noise. In the receiver side, the detected signal can be characterized as a series of pulses generated by…
This paper proposes a method for estimating and detecting optical signals in practical photon-counting receivers. There are two important aspects of non-perfect photon-counting receivers, namely, (i) dead time which results in blocking…
In quantum communication systems, the precise estimation of the detector's response to the incoming light is necessary to avoid security breaches. The typical working regime uses a free-running single-photon avalanche diode in combination…
Single photon detectors are important for a wide range of applications each with their own specific requirements, which makes necessary the precise characterization of detectors. Here, we present a simple and accurate methodology of…
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have become the preferred photodetectors in next-generation neutrino experiments, yet no unified closed-form analytical expression free of truncation and numerical convolution has been established for their…
Single photon detectors have dark count rates that depend strongly on the bias level for detector operation. In the case of weak light sources such as novel lasers or single-photon emitters, the rate of counts due to the light source can be…
The single-photon avalanche photodiode(SPAD) has been widely used in research on quantum optics. The afterpulsing effect, which is an intrinsic character of SPAD, affects the system performance in most experiments and needs to be carefully…
InGaAs/InP-based semiconductor avalanche photodiode are usually employed for single-photon counting at telecom wavelength. However they are affected by afterpulsing which limits the diode performance. Recently, Princeton Lightwave has…
It is challenging to implement genuine free running single photon detectors for the 1550 nm wavelength range with simultaneously high detection efficiency (DE), low dark noise, and good time resolution. We report a novel read out system for…
We present a method designed to efficiently extract optical signals from InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in gated mode. In particular, our method permits an estimation of the fraction of counts which actually results from the…
Single-photon avalanche photodiode(SPAD) has been widely used in researching of quantum optics. Afterpulsing effect, which is an intrinsic character of SPAD, affects the system performance in most of the experiments and needs to be…
Current count-rate models for single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) typically assume an instantaneous recovery of the quantum efficiency following dead-time, leading to a systematic overestimation of the effective detection efficiency for…
We characterize the practical receiver in a wide range of signal intensity for optical wireless communication, from discrete pulse regime to continuous waveform regime. We first propose a statistical non-linear model based on the…
Single-photon detectors, like Avalanche Photo Diodes (APDs), have a great importance in many fields like quantum key distribution, laser ranging, florescence microscopy, etc. Afterpulsing is a typical non ideal behavior of APDs, operated in…
We propose a characterization method for the overall detection efficiency, afterpulse and dark count probabilities of single-photon counting modules in real-time with simple instrumentation. This method can be applied when the module is…
Optical wireless communication (OWC) leveraging single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays offers exceptional sensitivity for photon-starving links. However, the inherent dead time of SPADs critically limits achievable data rates by…
We present a fully integrated InGaAs/InP negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) based free-running single-photon detector (SPD) designed for accurate lidar applications. A free-piston Stirling cooler is used to cool down the NFAD with a…
Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) have emerged as a promising candidate for optical wireless communication (OWC) owing to their ultra-high sensitivity and singlephoton detection capability. However, under strong background radiation or…