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eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims at providing understandable explanations of black box models. In this paper, we evaluate current XAI methods by scoring them based on ground truth simulations and sensitivity analysis. To this…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become essential for analyzing complex data and solving highly-challenging tasks. It is being applied across numerous disciplines beyond computer science, including Food Engineering, where there is a growing…

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a sub-field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that is at the forefront of AI research. In XAI, feature attribution methods produce explanations in the form of feature importance. People often use…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-02-09 Jamie Duell , Monika Seisenberger , Gert Aarts , Shangming Zhou , Xiuyi Fan

With the rising need of interpretable machine learning methods, there is a necessity for a rise in human effort to provide diverse explanations of the influencing factors of the model decisions. To improve the trust and transparency of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Peiyu Li , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi , Shah Muhammad Hamdi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a pivotal research domain aimed at understanding the operational mechanisms of AI systems, particularly those considered ``black boxes'' due to their complex, opaque nature. XAI seeks to make…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 José Daniel Pascual-Triana , Alberto Fernández , Javier Del Ser , Francisco Herrera

Explainable AI (xAI) methods are important for establishing trust in using black-box models. However, recent criticism has mounted against current xAI methods that they disagree, are necessarily false, and can be manipulated, which has…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-04-26 Emily Sullivan

The extensive utilization of biometric authentication systems have emanated attackers / imposters to forge user identity based on morphed images. In this attack, a synthetic image is produced and merged with genuine. Next, the resultant…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-05-01 Rudresh Dwivedi , Ritesh Kumar , Deepak Chopra , Pranay Kothari , Manjot Singh

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied in almost every field. At the same time, the currently dominant deep learning methods are fundamentally black-box systems that lack explanations for their inferences, significantly limiting…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Martina Mattioli , Eike Petersen , Aasa Feragen , Marcello Pelillo , Siavash A. Bigdeli

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

Black-box nature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models do not allow users to comprehend and sometimes trust the output created by such model. In AI applications, where not only the results but also the decision paths to the results are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Ibrahim Kok , Feyza Yildirim Okay , Ozgecan Muyanli , Suat Ozdemir

Counterfactual image editing is an important task in generative AI, which asks how an image would look if certain features were different. The current literature on the topic focuses primarily on changing individual features while remaining…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Yushu Pan , Elias Bareinboim

Although standard Machine Learning models are optimized for making predictions about observations, more and more they are used for making predictions about the results of actions. An important goal of Explainable Artificial Intelligence…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-02-15 Sander Beckers

Counterfactual explanations provide human-understandable reasoning for AI-made decisions by describing minimal changes to input features that would alter a model's prediction. To be truly useful in practice, such explanations must be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Asiful Arefeen , Shovito Barua Soumma , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Explainability poses a major challenge to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Current studies on explainable AI (XAI) lack the efficiency of extracting global knowledge about the learning task, thus suffer deficiencies such as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-06-14 Ruitao Xie , Jingbang Chen , Limai Jiang , Rui Xiao , Yi Pan , Yunpeng Cai

Recently, in eXplainable AI (XAI), $\textit{even if}$ explanations -- so-called semi-factuals -- have emerged as a popular strategy that explains how a predicted outcome $\textit{can remain the same}$ even when certain input-features are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Saugat Aryal , Mark T. Keane

We are witnessing the emergence of an AI economy and society where AI technologies are increasingly impacting health care, business, transportation and many aspects of everyday life. Many successes have been reported where AI systems even…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-27 D. Petkovic

We propose a BlackBox Counterfactual Explainer, designed to explain image classification models for medical applications. Classical approaches (e.g., saliency maps) that assess feature importance do not explain "how" imaging features in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Sumedha Singla , Motahhare Eslami , Brian Pollack , Stephen Wallace , Kayhan Batmanghelich

The support of artificial intelligence (AI) based decision-making is a key element in future 6G networks, where the concept of native AI will be introduced. Moreover, AI is widely employed in different critical applications such as…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

The field of explainability in artificial intelligence (AI) has witnessed a growing number of studies and increasing scholarly interest. However, the lack of human-friendly and individual interpretations in explaining the outcomes of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Toygar Tanyel , Serkan Ayvaz , Bilgin Keserci

As AI systems increasingly mediate decisions in domains such as credit scoring and financial forecasting, their lack of transparency and bias raises critical concerns for fairness and public trust. Existing explainable AI (XAI) approaches…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Kausik Lakkaraju , Siva Likitha Valluru , Biplav Srivastava