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The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) for domain applications in fields such as materials science and engineering depends on the development of fine-tuning strategies that adapt models for specialized, technical capabilities. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-06 Wei Lu , Rachel K. Luu , Markus J. Buehler

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across diverse natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The release of open-source LLMs like LLaMA and Qwen has triggered the development of numerous fine-tuned models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Shanshan Ye , Hongzhi Yin , Yi Chang , Yefeng Zheng , Xiangyu Zhao

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new languages typically involves continual pre-training (CT) followed by supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this CT-then-SFT approach struggles with limited data in the context of low-resource…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Quzhe Huang , Tianyao Ma , Songfang Huang , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Model merging has emerged as an efficient method to combine multiple single-task fine-tuned models. The merged model can enjoy multi-task capabilities without expensive training. While promising, merging into a single model often suffers…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Akash Dhasade , Divyansh Jhunjhunwala , Milos Vujasinovic , Gauri Joshi , Anne-Marie Kermarrec

Adapting general-purpose language models to new skills is currently an expensive process that must be repeated as new instruction datasets targeting new skills are created, or can cause the models to forget older skills. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-18 Jacob Morrison , Noah A. Smith , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Pang Wei Koh , Jesse Dodge , Pradeep Dasigi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are among the top-performing architectures. The largest models, often with hundreds of billions of parameters, pose significant memory challenges for deployment. Traditional approaches…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Saurav Jha , Maryam Hashemzadeh , Ali Saheb Pasand , Ali Parviz , Min-Joong Lee , Boris Knyazev

The advent of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 has catalyzed the exploration of multi-task learning (MTL), in which a single model demonstrates proficiency across diverse tasks. Task arithmetic has emerged as a cost-effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-28 Yuyan Zhou , Liang Song , Bingning Wang , Weipeng Chen

Adapter modules were recently introduced as an efficient alternative to fine-tuning in NLP. Adapter tuning consists in freezing pretrained parameters of a model and injecting lightweight modules between layers, resulting in the addition of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-07-14 Hang Le , Juan Pino , Changhan Wang , Jiatao Gu , Didier Schwab , Laurent Besacier

Recent advancements in building domain-specific large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, especially in tasks requiring reasoning abilities like logical inference over complex relationships and multi-step problem solving.…

Fine-tuning pre-trained models with custom data leads to numerous expert models on specific tasks. Merging models into one universal model to empower multi-task ability refraining from data leakage has gained popularity. With the expansion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Fanhu Zeng , Haiyang Guo , Fei Zhu , Li Shen , Hao Tang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate and reliable responses that are grounded in retrieved context. However, LLMs often generate inconsistent outputs for semantically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Xujun Peng , Anoop Kumar , Jingyu Wu , Parker Glenn , Daben Liu

Adapter-based tuning has recently arisen as an alternative to fine-tuning. It works by adding light-weight adapter modules to a pretrained language model (PrLM) and only updating the parameters of adapter modules when learning on a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-08 Ruidan He , Linlin Liu , Hai Ye , Qingyu Tan , Bosheng Ding , Liying Cheng , Jia-Wei Low , Lidong Bing , Luo Si

Large pre-trained models have enabled significant advances in machine learning and served as foundation components. Model fusion methods, such as task arithmetic, have been proven to be powerful and scalable to incorporate fine-tuned…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Anke Tang , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Yibing Zhan , Han Hu , Bo Du , Yixin Chen , Dacheng Tao

Merging Large Language Models (LLMs) is a cost-effective technique for combining multiple expert LLMs into a single versatile model, retaining the expertise of the original ones. However, current approaches often overlook the importance of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Umberto Michieli , Fabio Pizzati , Philip Torr , Adel Bibi , Bernard Ghanem , Mete Ozay

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance on language tasks but face challenges when deployed on resource-constrained devices due to their extensive parameters and reliance on dense multiplications, resulting in high…

When aligning large language models (LLMs), their performance on various tasks (such as being helpful, harmless, and honest) depends heavily on the composition of their training data. However, selecting a data mixture that achieves strong…

Recent research has increasingly focused on reconciling the reasoning capabilities of System 2 with the efficiency of System 1. While existing training-based and prompt-based approaches face significant challenges in terms of efficiency and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Yuxuan Yao , Shuqi Liu , Zehua Liu , Qintong Li , Mingyang Liu , Xiongwei Han , Zhijiang Guo , Han Wu , Linqi Song

The escalating scale of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates efficient adaptation techniques. Model merging has gained prominence for its efficiency and controllability. However, existing merging techniques typically serve as post-hoc…

The success of pretrain-finetune paradigm brings about the release of numerous model weights. In this case, merging models finetuned on different tasks to enable a single model with multi-task capabilities is gaining increasing attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-30 Chenyu Huang , Peng Ye , Tao Chen , Tong He , Xiangyu Yue , Wanli Ouyang

Achieving high-performing language models which include medium- and lower-resource languages remains a challenge. Massively multilingual models still underperform compared to language-specific adaptations, especially at smaller model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Kevin Glocker , Kätriin Kukk , Romina Oji , Marcel Bollmann , Marco Kuhlmann , Jenny Kunz