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With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their safe use becomes increasingly critical. Fine-tuning is a widely used method for adapting models to downstream tasks, yet it is vulnerable to jailbreak attacks.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Xiangfang Li , Yu Wang , Bo Li

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has become a critical concern. Despite significant efforts in safety alignment, current LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks. However, the root causes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Yonghong Deng , Zhen Yang , Ping Jian , Xinyue Zhang , Zhongbin Guo , Chengzhi Li

Jailbreak attacks reveal critical vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by causing them to generate harmful or unethical content. Evaluating these threats is particularly challenging due to the evolving nature of LLMs and the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Liying Kang , Haohan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) undergo safety alignment after training and tuning, yet recent work shows that safety can be bypassed through jailbreak attacks. While many jailbreaks and defenses exist, their cross-lingual generalization…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Berk Atil , Rebecca J. Passonneau , Fred Morstatter

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, ensuring their robustness and safety alignment remains a major challenge. Despite the overall success of alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed, ensuring their safe use is paramount. Jailbreaking, adversarial prompts that bypass model alignment to trigger harmful outputs, present significant risks, with existing studies…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Yuan Xin , Dingfan Chen , Linyi Yang , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into services such as ChatGPT to provide responses to user queries. To mitigate potential harm and prevent misuse, there have been concerted efforts to align the LLMs with human…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

In the area of natural language processing, deep learning models are recently known to be vulnerable to various types of adversarial perturbations, but relatively few works are done on the defense side. Especially, there exists few…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-16 Xiaosen Wang , Hao Jin , Yichen Yang , Kun He

As large language models (LLMs) become more integral to society and technology, ensuring their safety becomes essential. Jailbreak attacks exploit vulnerabilities to bypass safety guardrails, posing a significant threat. However, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing their safety and utility. However, existing methods, primarily based on preference datasets, face challenges such as noisy labels, high annotation costs, and privacy concerns.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Hao Sun , Mihaela van der Schaar

Machine learning has achieved great success in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Most existing BCI studies focused on improving the decoding accuracy, with only a few considering the adversarial security.…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Xiaoqing Chen , Ziwei Wang , Dongrui Wu

The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

Research endeavors have been made in learning robust Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) against jailbreak attacks. However, existing methods for improving MLLMs' robustness still face critical challenges: \ding{172} how to efficiently…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-07 Liming Lu , Xiang Gu , Shuchao Pang , Siyuan Liang , Haotian Zhu , Xiyu Zeng , Xu Zheng , Yongbin Zhou

We introduce \emph{self-jailbreaking}, a threat model in which an aligned LLM guides its own compromise. Unlike most jailbreak techniques, which often rely on handcrafted prompts or separate attacker models, self-jailbreaking requires no…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Devang Kulshreshtha , Hang Su , Haibo Jin , Chinmay Hegde , Haohan Wang

Despite rich safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, which compromise safety guardrails and pose serious security risks. Existing detection methods mainly detect jailbreak…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Xiao Lin , Philip Li , Zhichen Zeng , Tingwei Li , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Gaotang Li , Yuzhong Chen , Hanghang Tong

Despite extensive efforts in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Activation steering offers a training-free defense method but relies on fixed steering coefficients, resulting in suboptimal…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Weixiang Zhao , Jiahe Guo , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , An Zhang , Xingyu Sui , Xinyang Han , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Tat-Seng Chua , Ting Liu

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to various applications, ensuring both their safety and utility is paramount. Jailbreak attacks, which manipulate LLMs into generating harmful content, pose significant challenges to this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), it has become a significant concern to ensure their safety and prevent harmful responses. While current safe-alignment methods based on instruction fine-tuning and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Xiaoyun Zhang , Zhengyue Zhao , Wenxuan Shi , Kaidi Xu , Di Huang , Xing Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, yet they also introduce novel security challenges. For instance, prompt jailbreaking attacks involve adversaries crafting sophisticated prompts to elicit responses from…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Zhaoqi Wang , Daqing He , Zijian Zhang , Xin Li , Liehuang Zhu , Meng Li , Jiamou Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used for task understanding and action planning in embodied intelligence (EI) systems, but their adoption substantially increases vulnerability to jailbreak attacks. While recent work explores…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Jirui Yang , Zheyu Lin , Zhihui Lu , Yinggui Wang , Lei Wang , Tao Wei , Qiang Duan , Xin Du , Shuhan Yang