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Predictive machine learning models generally excel on in-distribution data, but their performance degrades on out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. Reliable deployment therefore requires robust OOD detection, yet this is particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 David Graber , Victor Armegioiu , Rebecca Buller , Siddhartha Mishra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) learning deals with scenarios in which training and test data follow different distributions. Although general OOD problems have been intensively studied in machine learning, graph OOD is only an emerging area of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-28 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Limei Wang , Shuiwang Ji

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have found widespread application in modeling graph data across diverse domains. While GNNs excel in scenarios where the testing data shares the distribution of their training counterparts (in distribution, ID),…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-15 Luzhi Wang , Dongxiao He , He Zhang , Yixin Liu , Wenjie Wang , Shirui Pan , Di Jin , Tat-Seng Chua

Graphs are a fundamental data structure for representing relational information in domains such as social networks, molecular systems, and knowledge graphs. However, graph learning models often suffer from limited generalization when…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Due to the performance degradation of graph neural networks (GNNs) under distribution shifts, the work on out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization on graphs has received widespread attention. A novel perspective involves distinguishing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Haoran Yang , Xiaobing Pei , Kai Yuan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been demonstrated to perform well in graph representation learning, but always lacking in generalization capability when tackling out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Graph invariant learning methods, backed by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-19 Tianrui Jia , Haoyang Li , Cheng Yang , Tao Tao , Chuan Shi

Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) generalization has gained increasing attentions for machine learning on graphs, as graph neural networks (GNNs) often exhibit performance degradation under distribution shifts. Existing graph OOD methods tend to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Henan Sun , Xunkai Li , Lei Zhu , Junyi Han , Guang Zeng , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

Graph Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify whether a test graph deviates from the distribution of graphs observed during training, which is critical for ensuring the reliability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) when deployed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Luzhi Wang , Xuanshuo Fu , He Zhang , Chuang Liu , Xiaobao Wang , Hongbo Liu

Deep learning on graphs has shown remarkable success across numerous applications, including social networks, bio-physics, traffic networks, and recommendation systems. Regardless of their successes, current methods frequently depend on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Itay Niv , Neta Rabin

With the progressive advancements in deep graph learning, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection for graph data has emerged as a critical challenge. While the efficacy of auxiliary datasets in enhancing OOD detection has been extensively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-01 Junwei He , Qianqian Xu , Yangbangyan Jiang , Zitai Wang , Yuchen Sun , Qingming Huang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization has emerged as a critical challenge in graph learning, as real-world graph data often exhibit diverse and shifting environments that traditional models fail to generalize across. A promising solution…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Xu Shen , Yixin Liu , Yili Wang , Rui Miao , Yiwei Dai , Shirui Pan , Yi Chang , Xin Wang

Dynamic graph neural networks (DGNNs) are increasingly pervasive in exploiting spatio-temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing works fail to generalize under distribution shifts, which are common in real-world scenarios. As…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Haonan Yuan , Qingyun Sun , Xingcheng Fu , Ziwei Zhang , Cheng Ji , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li

Detecting and rejecting unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for deployed neural networks to void unreliable predictions. In real-world scenarios, however, the efficacy of existing OOD detection methods is often impeded by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Sheng Jin , Chao Chen , Ze Chen , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Jieping Ye

Graph out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization remains a major challenge in graph learning since graph neural networks (GNNs) often suffer from severe performance degradation under distribution shifts. Invariant learning, aiming to extract…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Wenyu Mao , Jiancan Wu , Haoyang Liu , Yongduo Sui , Xiang Wang

Generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a capability natural to humans yet challenging for machines to reproduce. This is because most learning algorithms strongly rely on the i.i.d.~assumption on source/target data, which is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-15 Kaiyang Zhou , Ziwei Liu , Yu Qiao , Tao Xiang , Chen Change Loy

Graph neural networks have shown remarkable success in exploiting the spatial and temporal patterns on dynamic graphs. However, existing GNNs exhibit poor generalization ability under distribution shifts, which is inevitable in dynamic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Qingyun Sun , Jiayi Luo , Haonan Yuan , Xingcheng Fu , Hao Peng , Jianxin Li , Philip S. Yu

Deep learning has been demonstrated with tremendous success in recent years. Despite so, its performance in practice often degenerates drastically when encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) data, i.e. training and test data are sampled…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Haoyue Bai

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are proposed without considering the agnostic distribution shifts between training and testing graphs, inducing the degeneration of the generalization ability of GNNs on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) settings. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Shaohua Fan , Xiao Wang , Chuan Shi , Peng Cui , Bai Wang

Learning on graphs, where instance nodes are inter-connected, has become one of the central problems for deep learning, as relational structures are pervasive and induce data inter-dependence which hinders trivial adaptation of existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-10 Qitian Wu , Yiting Chen , Chenxiao Yang , Junchi Yan

To build safe and reliable graph machine learning systems, unsupervised graph-level anomaly detection (GLAD) and unsupervised graph-level out-of-distribution (OOD) detection (GLOD) have received significant attention in recent years. Though…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Yili Wang , Yixin Liu , Xu Shen , Chenyu Li , Kaize Ding , Rui Miao , Ying Wang , Shirui Pan , Xin Wang