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We study the problem of multi-bit watermarking for large language models (LLMs). We introduce a block-autoregressive model inspired by multi-token prediction, in which the encoder has limited non-causal access to token distributions within…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Sidong Guo , Tyler Kann , Teodora Baluta , Matthieu R. Bloch

Traditional vulnerability detection methods rely heavily on predefined rule matching, which often fails to capture vulnerabilities accurately. With the rise of large language models (LLMs), leveraging their ability to understand code…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Xiang Li , Yueci Su , Jiahao Liu , Zhiwei Lin , Yuebing Hou , Peiming Gao , Yuanchao Zhang

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, safeguarding the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) is increasingly crucial. Current watermarking techniques against model extraction attacks, which rely on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Minhao Bai , Kaiyi Pang , Yongfeng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have training corpora containing large amounts of program code, greatly improving the model's code comprehension and generation capabilities. However, sound comprehensive research on detecting program…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-22 Yu Liu , Lang Gao , Mingxin Yang , Yu Xie , Ping Chen , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into various pipelines is increasingly widespread, effectively automating many manual tasks and often surpassing human capabilities. Cybersecurity researchers and practitioners have recognised…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-01 Constantinos Patsakis , Fran Casino , Nikolaos Lykousas

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

With the rapid development of cloud-based services, large language models have become increasingly accessible through various web platforms. However, this accessibility has also led to growing risks of model abuse. LLM watermarking has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Shi Wang , Li Guo

Recent secure code generation methods, using vulnerability-aware fine-tuning, prefix-tuning, and prompt optimization, claim to prevent LLMs from producing insecure code. However, their robustness under adversarial conditions remains…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Melissa Tessa , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Aicha War , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Software supply chain attacks targeting the npm ecosystem have become increasingly sophisticated, leveraging obfuscation and complex logic to evade traditional detection mechanisms. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have attracted…

The widespread adoption of web applications has made their security a critical concern and has increased the need for systematic ways to assess whether they can be considered trustworthy. However, "trust" assessment remains an open problem…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Oleksandr Yarotskyi , José D'Abruzzo Pereira , João R. Campos

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining momentum in software development with prompt-driven programming enabling developers to create code from natural language (NL) instructions. However, studies have questioned their ability to produce…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Catherine Tony , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Markus Mutas , Salem Dhiff , Riccardo Scandariato

The parallel evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced code-understanding capabilities and the increasing sophistication of malware presents a new frontier for cybersecurity research. This paper evaluates the efficacy of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad

Large language models (LLMs) are pre-trained and post-trained on vast amounts of loosely curated data, raising the possibility that these models may have been trained on proprietary datasets or the same benchmarks used for evaluation. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Pengrun Huang , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Yu-Xiang Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) leverages external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in code synthesis, improving the functional correctness of the generated code. However, existing RACG systems largely overlook…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

Large-language models (LLMs) are now able to produce text that is, in many cases, seemingly indistinguishable from human-generated content. This has fueled the development of watermarks that imprint a ``signal'' in LLM-generated text with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Dor Tsur , Carol Xuan Long , Claudio Mayrink Verdun , Hsiang Hsu , Haim Permuter , Flavio P. Calmon

The capabilities of large language models have grown significantly in recent years and so too have concerns about their misuse. It is important to be able to distinguish machine-generated text from human-authored content. Prior works have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , Vivian Fang , Norman Mu , David Wagner

In the present-day scenario, Large Language Models (LLMs) are establishing their presence as powerful instruments permeating various sectors of society. While their utility offers valuable support to individuals, there are multiple concerns…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Monica Millunzi , Amelia Sorrenti , Lorenzo Baraldi , Daryna Dementieva

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities in understanding natural language and generating complex code. However, as practitioners adopt CodeLLMs for increasingly critical development tasks, research reveals that these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Maximilian Wendlinger , Daniel Kowatsch , Konstantin Böttinger , Philip Sperl

A recent and exciting thread of work focuses on developing methods for watermarking the output of large language models (LLMs). We focus on provably undetectable watermarking-that is, schemes that do not alter the output distribution of the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Noam Mazor , Andrew Morgan , Rafael Pass

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi