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Cybersecurity decision-making increasingly occurs in environments characterized by uncertainty, partial observability, and adversarial manipulation, where heterogeneous signals from multiple sources are often incomplete, ambiguous, or…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Andrei Kojukhov , Arkady Bovshover

This paper introduces GAMBiT (Guarding Against Malicious Biased Threats), a cognitive-informed cyber defense framework that leverages deviations from human rationality as a new defensive surface. Conventional cyber defenses assume rational,…

Cognitive vulnerabilities shape human decision-making and arise primarily from two sources: (1) cognitive capabilities, which include disparities in knowledge, education, expertise, or access to information, and (2) cognitive biases, such…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Ya-Ting Yang , Quanyan Zhu

Adversaries (hackers) attempting to infiltrate networks frequently face uncertainty in their operational environments. This research explores the ability to model and detect when they exhibit ambiguity aversion, a cognitive bias reflecting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-22 Stephan Carney , Soham Hans , Sofia Hirschmann , Stacey Marsella , Yvonne Fonken , Peggy Wu , Nikolos Gurney

This paper is devoted to measuring the security of cyber networks under advanced persistent threats (APTs). First, an APT-based cyber attack-defense process is modeled as an individual-level dynamical system. Second, the dynamic model is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-07-13 Lu-Xing Yang , Pengdeng Li , Xiaofan Yang , Luosheng Wen , Yingbo Wu , Yuan Yan Tang

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent a growing menace to modern digital infrastructure. Unlike traditional cyberattacks, APTs are stealthy, adaptive, and long-lasting, often bypassing signature-based detection systems. This paper…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a severe challenge to cyber defense due to their stealthy behavior and the extreme class imbalance inherent in detection datasets. To address these issues, we propose a novel active learning-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Talal Rahwan

One of the most common and important destructive attacks on the victim system is Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)-attack. The APT attacker can achieve his hostile goals by obtaining information and gaining financial benefits regarding the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-01-19 Javad Hassannataj Joloudari , Mojtaba Haderbadi , Amir Mashmool , Mohammad GhasemiGol , Shahab S. , Amir Mosavi

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS) in large enterprises can generate hundreds of thousands of alerts per hour, overwhelming analysts with logs requiring rapidly evolving expertise. Conventional machine-learning detectors…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Francesco Blefari , Cristian Cosentino , Francesco Aurelio Pironti , Angelo Furfaro , Fabrizio Marozzo

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are difficult to detect due to their complexity and stealthiness. To mitigate such attacks, many approaches model entities and their relationship using provenance graphs to detect the stealthy and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Wenhao Yan , Ning An , Wei Qiao , Weiheng Wu , Bo Jiang , Zhigang Lu , Baoxu Liu , Junrong Liu

CybORG++ is an advanced toolkit for reinforcement learning research focused on network defence. Building on the CAGE 2 CybORG environment, it introduces key improvements, including enhanced debugging capabilities, refined agent…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 Harry Emerson , Liz Bates , Chris Hicks , Vasilios Mavroudis

In the last decade, a new class of cyber-threats has emerged. This new cybersecurity adversary is known with the name of "Advanced Persistent Threat" (APT) and is referred to different organizations that in the last years have been "in the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-10-18 Giuseppe Laurenza , Riccardo Lazzeretti , Luca Mazzotti

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are among the most challenging cyberattacks to detect. They are carried out by highly skilled attackers who carefully study their targets and operate in a stealthy, long-term manner. Because APTs exhibit…

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) have created new security challenges for critical infrastructures due to their stealthy, dynamic, and adaptive natures. In this work, we aim to lay a game-theoretic foundation by establishing a multi-stage…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2018-09-10 Linan Huang , Quanyan Zhu

In today's digital world, cyberbullying is a serious problem that can harm the mental and physical health of people who use social media. This paper explains just how serious cyberbullying is and how it really affects indi-viduals exposed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-08 Rohan Biswas , Kasturi Ganguly , Arijit Das , Diganta Saha

The critical assessment presented within this paper explores existing research pertaining to the Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) branch of cyber security, applying the knowledge extracted from this research to discuss, evaluate and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-04-23 Mohammad Bilal Khan

The detection of advanced persistent threats (APTs) remains a crucial challenge due to their stealthy, multistage nature and the limited availability of realistic, labeled datasets for systematic evaluation. Synthetic dataset generation has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Saleem Ishaq Tijjani , Bogdan Ghita , Nathan Clarke , Matthew Craven

Normative decision theory proves inadequate for modeling human responses to the social-engineering campaigns of Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks. Behavioral decision theory fares better, but still falls short of capturing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2018-11-16 Iain Embrey , Kim Kaivanto

The techniques used in modern attacks have become an important factor for investigation. As we advance further into the digital age, cyber attackers are employing increasingly sophisticated and highly threatening methods. These attacks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Alexander Shim

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is widely acknowledged to be the most sophisticated and potent class of security threat. APT refers to knowledgeable human attackers that are organized, highly sophisticated and motivated to achieve their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-30 Atif Ahmad , Jeb Webb , Kevin C. Desouza , James Boorman
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