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The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in the nanohertz (nHz) regime, detectable by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), provides a promising probe of the cosmic population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). These binaries…

Ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) generated by individual inspiraling supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) at the centers of galaxies may be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the future. These GW signals, which…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-05-30 Ling-Feng Wang , Yue Shao , Si-Ren Xiao , Jing-Fei Zhang , Xin Zhang

The nano-hertz (nHz) stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB), generated by unresolved supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), provides a unique probe of their population and its cosmic evolution. In this work, we explore the…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-28 Mohit Raj Sah , Suvodip Mukherjee

Multiple pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have recently reported the first detection of gravitational waves (GWs) of nanohertz frequencies. The signal is expected to be primarily sourced by inspiralling supermassive black hole…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2023-12-13 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga , Eliot Quataert

Supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) in galactic centers may radiate gravitational wave (GW) in the nano-Hertz frequency band, which are expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the near future. GW signals from…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-02-12 Changshuo Yan , Wen Zhao , Youjun Lu

By inferring the gravitational wave background (GWB) from a population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) enable the study of massive black holes. In many ways, PTAs manifest the promise of a…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-12-16 Nima Laal , Stephen R. Taylor , Cayenne Matt , Kayhan Gultekin

The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is believed to be dominated by GW emission from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). Observations of several dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) strongly suggest a link between AGN and…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2022-01-24 J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Jenny E. Greene , Kris Pardo , Morgan Nañez , Andy D. Goulding

Nanohertz gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs), detectable via pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), offer a novel avenue to constrain dark energy. Based on cosmological simulations and semi-analytic galaxy…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Qing Yang , Gu-yue Zhang , Yi Huang , Xiao Guo

The gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) are long sought by pulsar timing array experiments (PTAs), in the forms of both a stochastic GW background (GWB) and individual sources. The evidence for a GWB was…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-09-27 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

Revealing the nature of the nanoHz gravitational wave (GW) signal recently reported by Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) collaborations around the world is the next goal of low-frequency GW astronomy. The signal likely originates from the…

Supermassive black hole binary systems (SMBHBs) should be the most powerful sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the Universe. Once Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) detect the stochastic GW background from their cosmic merger history,…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-06-26 Nicole M. Khusid , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Priyamvada Natarajan , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Anna Barnacka

In the summer of 2023, the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) announced a compelling evidence for the existence of a nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). Despite this breakthrough, however, several critical questions remain…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-16 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

The nano-Hertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is a key probe of supermassive black hole (SMBH) formation and evolution, if the background arises predominantly from binary SMBHs. The amplitude of the GWB, which is typically quantified…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-06-02 Jean J. Somalwar , Vikram Ravi

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) have recently found strong evidence for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) in the nanohertz frequency regime. As GWs pass, they produce deviations in measured lengths and light-travel times. PTA experiments…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-05-05 Luke Zoltan Kelley

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations reported evidence of a nano-Hz stochastic gravitational wave background (sGWB) compatible with an adiabatically inspiraling population of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). Despite the large…

Several pulsar timing array (PTA) groups have recently claimed the detection of nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB), but the origin of this gravitational wave (GW) signal remains unclear. Nanohertz GWs generated by supermassive…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2025-09-04 Qing Yang , Xiao Guo , Zhoujian Cao , Xiaoyun Shao , Xi Yuan

We investigate how pulsar timing array (PTA) measurements of the nanoHertz gravitational-wave background (GWB) can constrain models for the growth history of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and how active galactic nucleus (AGN) and stellar…

We present a comprehensive framework for predicting the detection prospects of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) by future gravitational wave (GW) observatories, examining both space-borne detectors (LISA, Taiji, TianQin) and…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-02-09 Katsunori Kusakabe , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Daisuke Toyouchi , Keitaro Takahashi

While pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB), the detection of continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from a confirmed supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) would…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2025-10-13 Li-Wen Tian , Yan-Chen Bi , Yu-Mei Wu , Qing-Guo Huang

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside at the center of every massive galaxy in the local Universe with masses that closely correlate with observations of their host galaxy implying a connected evolutionary history. The population of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2023-06-06 Joseph Simon
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