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A systematic, population-level discrepancy exists between the densities of exoplanets whose masses have been measured with transit timing variations (TTVs) versus those measured with radial velocities (RVs). Since the TTV planets are…

We apply hydrodynamic evaporation models to different synthetic planet populations that were obtained from a planet formation code based on a core-accretion paradigm. We investigated the evolution of the planet populations using several…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-22 Sheng Jin , Christoph Mordasini , Vivien Parmentier , Roy van Boekel , Thomas Henning , Jianghui Ji

We have updated the PlanetS catalog of transiting planets with precise and robust mass and radius measurements and use this catalog to explore mass-radius (M-R) diagrams. On the one hand, we propose new M-R relationships to separate…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-08-07 Léna Parc , François Bouchy , Julia Venturini , Caroline Dorn , Ravit Helled

Surveys have revealed many multi-planet systems containing super-Earths and Neptunes in orbits of a few days to a few months. There is debate whether in situ assembly or inward migration is the dominant mechanism of the formation of such…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-12-23 Sean M. Mills , Daniel C. Fabrycky , Cezary Migaszewski , Eric B. Ford , Erik Petigura , Howard Isaacson

We characterize the radii and masses of the star and planets in the Kepler-59 system, as well as their orbital parameters. The star parameters are determined through a standard spectroscopic analysis, resulting in a mass of $1.359\pm…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-01-08 X. Saad-Olivera , C. F. Martinez , A. Costa de Souza , F. Roig 1 , D. Nesvorný

The radius valley, a bifurcation in the size distribution of small, close-in exoplanets, is hypothesized to be a signature of planetary atmospheric loss. Such an evolutionary phenomenon should depend on the age of the star-planet system. In…

The detection of young transiting exoplanets represents a new frontier in our understanding of planet formation and evolution. For the population of observed close-in sub-Neptunes, two proposed formation pathways can reproduce their…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-04-15 James G. Rogers

To date, well over a thousand planets have been discovered orbiting other stars, hundreds of them in multi-planet systems. Most of these exoplanets have been detected by either the transit method or the radial velocity method, rather than…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-19 Anthony R. Dobrovolskis

Many exoplanets have been discovered with radii of 1-4 Earth radii, between that of Earth and Neptune. A number of these are known to have densities consistent with solid compositions, while others are "sub-Neptunes" likely to have…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-18 Alex R. Howe , Adam S. Burrows , Wesley Verne

This paper describes a model which can explain the observed clumpy structures of debris disks. Clumps arise because after a planetary system forms its planets migrate due to angular momentum exchange with the remaining planetesimals.…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 M. C. Wyatt

Planet formation is sensitive to the conditions in protoplanetary disks, for which scaling laws as a function of stellar mass are known. We aim to test whether the observed population of planets around low-mass stars can be explained by…

The radius-period distribution of exoplanets has been characterized by the \textit{Kepler} survey, and the empirical mass-radius relation by the subset of \textit{Kepler} planets with mass measurements. We combine the two in order to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-03-04 Andrew R. Neil , Leslie A. Rogers

Although the architectures of compact multiple-planet systems are well-characterized, there has been little examination of their "outer edges", or the locations of their outermost planets. Here we present evidence that the observed…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-08-17 Sarah C. Millholland , Matthias Y. He , Jon K. Zink

We present a new analytical method to identify potential missed planets in multiplanet systems found via transit surveys such as those conducted by Kepler and TESS. Our method depends on quantifying a system's dynamical packing in terms of…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-09 Ana Luisa Tió Humphrey , Elisa V. Quintana

In a transiting planetary system, the presence of a second planet will cause the time interval between transits to vary. These transit timing variations (TTV) are particularly large near mean-motion resonances and can be used to infer the…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen , Eric Agol

Short-period super-Earths and mini-Neptunes encircle more than $\sim50\%$ of Sun-like stars and are relatively amenable to direct observational characterization. Despite this, environments in which these planets accrete are difficult to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2023-05-04 Max Goldberg , Konstantin Batygin

In the coming years, high contrast imaging surveys are expected to reveal the characteristics of the population of wide-orbit, massive, exoplanets. To date, a handful of wide planetary mass companions are known, but only one such…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2016-06-08 Sarah J. Morrison , Kaitlin M. Kratter

Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) can provide useful information on compact multi-planetary systems observed by transits, by putting constraints on the masses and eccentricities of the observed planets. This is especially helpful when the…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-05-24 A. Leleu , J. -B. Delisle , S. Udry , R. Mardling , M. Turbet , J. A. Egger , Y. Alibert , G. Chatel , P. Eggenberger , M. Stalport

Recent studies have shown that atmospheric mass-loss powered by the cooling luminosity of a planet's core can explain the observed radius valley separating super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, even without photoevaporation. In this work, we…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2020-02-12 Akash Gupta , Hilke E. Schlichting

Short-period sub-Neptunes with substantial volatile envelopes are among the most common type of known exoplanets. However, recent studies of the Kepler population have suggested a dearth of sub-Neptunes on highly irradiated orbits, where…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-05-04 George D. McDonald , Laura Kreidberg , Eric Lopez