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Language model (LM) agents have gained significant attention for their ability to autonomously complete tasks through interactions with environments, tools, and APIs. LM agents are primarily built with prompt engineering or supervised…

In Natural Language Processing (NLP), the Elo rating system, originally designed for ranking players in dynamic games such as chess, is increasingly being used to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) through "A vs B" paired comparisons.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-30 Meriem Boubdir , Edward Kim , Beyza Ermis , Sara Hooker , Marzieh Fadaee

We present AutoBool, a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that trains large language models (LLMs) to generate effective Boolean queries for medical systematic reviews. Boolean queries are the primary mechanism for literature retrieval…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Shuai Wang , Harrisen Scells , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is essential for evolving Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous agents capable of long-horizon planning, yet a practical recipe for scaling RL in complex, multi-turn environments remains elusive. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Xixi Wu , Qianguo Sun , Ruiyang Zhang , Chao Song , Junlong Wu , Yiyan Qi , Hong Cheng

As large language models (LLMs) become widespread in various application domains, a critical challenge the AI community is facing is how to train these large AI models in a cost-effective manner. Existing LLM training plans typically employ…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Jehyeon Bang , Yujeong Choi , Myeongwoo Kim , Yongdeok Kim , Minsoo Rhu

Self-evaluation, a model's ability to assess the correctness of its own output, is crucial for Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to achieve self-improvement in multi-turn conversations, yet largely absent in foundation models. Recent work has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Wenkai Wang , Hongcan Guo , Zheqi Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) trained via pretraining and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can still produce harmful and misaligned outputs, or struggle in domains like math and coding. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training methods,…

Can out-of-the-box pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) detect human affect successfully when observing a video? To address this question, for the first time, we evaluate comprehensively the capacity of popular LLMs for successfully…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 David Melhart , Matthew Barthet , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Ensuring alignment with human preferences is a crucial characteristic of large language models (LLMs). Presently, the primary alignment methods, RLHF and DPO, require extensive human annotation, which is expensive despite their efficacy.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Haotian Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, single-model responses often exhibit inconsistencies, hallucinations, and varying quality across different…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Omer Jauhar Khan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used both to make decisions in domains such as health, education and law, and to simulate human behavior. Yet how closely LLMs mirror actual human decision-making remains poorly understood. This…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Andrea Cera Palatsi , Samuel Martin-Gutierrez , Ana S. Cardenal , Max Pellert

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences usually requires fine-tuning methods such as RLHF and DPO. These methods directly optimize the model parameters, so they cannot be used in test-time to improve model performance,…

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external tools has emerged as a promising approach to extend their utility, enabling them to solve practical tasks. Previous methods manually parse tool documentation and create in-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Lingyong Yan , Yue Feng , Xiuyi Chen , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL) is a relatively new area of research that is gaining increasing attention. The objective of AutoRL consists in easing the employment of Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques for the broader public…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-24 Marco Mussi , Davide Lombarda , Alberto Maria Metelli , Francesco Trovò , Marcello Restelli

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful dialogue agents, but specializing them towards fulfilling a specific function can be challenging. Instructing tuning, i.e. tuning models on instruction and sample responses generated by humans…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-11 Dennis Ulmer , Elman Mansimov , Kaixiang Lin , Justin Sun , Xibin Gao , Yi Zhang

Automatic LLM benchmarks, such as AlpacaEval 2.0, Arena-Hard-Auto, and MT-Bench, have become popular for evaluating language models due to their cost-effectiveness and scalability compared to human evaluation. Achieving high win rates on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Qian Liu , Jing Jiang , Min Lin

Evaluating in-the-wild coding capabilities of large language models (LLMs) is a challenging endeavor with no clear solution. We introduce Copilot Arena, a platform to collect user preferences for code generation through native integration…

Agentic reinforcement learning has advanced large language models (LLMs) to reason through long chain-of-thought trajectories while interleaving external tool use. Existing approaches assume a fixed inventory of tools, limiting LLM agents'…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Jiaru Zou , Ling Yang , Yunzhe Qi , Sirui Chen , Mengting Ai , Ke Shen , Jingrui He , Mengdi Wang

Enterprise routers assign queries to expert agents, yet deployed profiles stay static while agents evolve (prompts, tools, models), and developers rarely keep descriptions or exemplars current. We present FlyRoute, a self-evolving profiling…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Rongjun Li , Ziyu Zhou , Yihang Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable mathematical collaborators, but static benchmarks are no longer sufficient for evaluating progress: they are often narrow in scope, quickly saturated, and rarely updated. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Jasper Dekoninck , Nikola Jovanović , Tim Gehrunger , Kári Rögnvaldsson , Ivo Petrov , Chenhao Sun , Martin Vechev