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State-of-the-art JWST observations are unveiling unprecedented views into the atmospheres of substellar objects in the infrared, further highlighting the importance of clouds. Current forward models struggle to fit the silicate clouds…

Context: Low-mass stars and extrasolar planets have ultra-cool atmospheres where a rich chemistry occurs and clouds form. The increasing amount of spectroscopic observations for extrasolar planets requires self-consistent model atmosphere…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2017-12-13 Diana Juncher , Uffe G. Jørgensen , Christiane Helling

One significant difference between the atmospheres of stars and exoplanets is the presence of condensed particles (clouds or hazes) in the atmosphere of the latter. The main goal of this paper is to develop a self-consistent microphysical…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-11 A. Zsom , L. Kaltenegger , C. Goldblatt

Warm Saturn type exoplanets orbiting M-dwarfs are particularly suitable for in-depth cloud characterisation through transmission spectroscopy due to their favourable stellar to planetary radius contrast. However, modelling cloud formation…

Robustly modeling the inner edge of the habitable zone is essential for determining the most promising potentially habitable exoplanets for atmospheric characterization. Global climate models (GCMs) have become the standard tool for…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-12-25 Jun Yang , Jeremy Leconte , Eric T. Wolf , Timonthy Merlis , Daniel D. B. Koll , Francois Forget , Dorian S. Abbot

We present the Stagger-grid, a comprehensive grid of time-dependent, 3D hydrodynamic model atmospheres for late-type stars with realistic treatment of radiative transfer, covering a wide range in stellar parameters. This grid of 3D models…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2015-06-15 Z. Magic , R. Collet , M. Asplund , R. Trampedach , W. Hayek , A. Chiavassa , R. F. Stein , Å. Nordlund

We present a re-appraisal of the temperatures of Red Supergiants (RSGs) using their optical and near-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We have obtained data of a sample of RSGs in the Magellanic Clouds using VLT+XSHOOTER, and…

The MHD version of the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code, MG, has been employed to study the interaction of thermal instability, magnetic fields and gravity through 3D simulations of the formation of collapsing cold clumps on the scale of…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-11-11 C. J. Wareing , J. M. Pittard , S. A. E. G. Falle

We describe state-of-the-art MARCS-code model atmospheres generated for a group of A dwarf, G dwarf, and late-G to mid-K giant standard stars, selected to photometrically calibrate the Spitzer-IRS, and compare the synthetic spectra to…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2009-11-10 L. Decin , P. W. Morris , P. N. Appleton , V. Charmandaris , L. Armus , J. R. Houck

With the development of ever-improving telescopes capable of observing exoplanet atmospheres in greater detail and number, there is a growing demand for enhanced 3D climate models to support and help interpret observational data from space…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-08-15 Alexander Plaschzug , Amit Reza , Ludmila Carone , Sebastian Gernjak , Christiane Helling

Simulated exoplanet transmission spectra are critical for planning and interpretation of observations and to explore the sensitivity of spectral features to atmospheric thermochemical processes. We present a publicly available generic model…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2018-11-14 Jayesh M. Goyal , Hannah R. Wakeford , Nathan J. Mayne , Nikole K. Lewis , Benjamin Drummond , David K. Sing

Understanding of clouds is instrumental in interpreting current and future spectroscopic observations of exoplanets. Modelling clouds consistently is complex, since it involves many facets of chemistry, nucleation theory, condensation…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2019-02-13 Chris W. Ormel , Michiel Min

A large fraction of known terrestrial-size exoplanets located in the Habitable Zone of M-dwarfs are expected to be tidally-locked. Numerous efforts have been conducted to study the climate of such planets, using in particular 3-D Global…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2021-06-09 Maxence Lefèvre , Martin Turbet , Raymond Pierrehumbert

Clouds are ubiquitous\, -- \,they arise for every solar system planet that possesses an atmosphere and have also been suggested as a leading mechanism for obscuring spectral features in exoplanet observations. As exoplanet observations…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-10-19 James D. Windsor , Tyler D. Robinson , Ravi kumar Kopparapu , David E. Trilling , Joe LLama , Amber Young

Inferring the properties of transiting exoplanet atmospheres relies on comparing models to spectroscopic observations. Atmosphere models, however, make a range of assumptions, from one-dimensional (1D, varying with altitude)…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2025-12-18 Lindsey S. Wiser , Alexander Roth , Vivien Parmentier , Michael R. Line

We present hydrostatic equilibrium models of spherical, self-gravitating clouds of helium and molecular hydrogen, focusing on the cold, high-density regime where solid- or liquid-hydrogen can form. The resulting structures have masses from…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2019-08-21 Mark Walker , Mark Wardle

Thermal surface radiation has been detected with X-ray instruments for several neutron stars with high spectral, spatial and timing resolution. These observations allow for direct study of fundamental properties of the source, but require…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 D. A. Lloyd

Large-scale stellar surveys, such as SDSS-V, 4MOST, WEAVE, and PLATO, require accurate atmospheric models and synthetic spectra of stars for accurate analyses of fundamental stellar parameters and chemical abundances. The primary goal of…

太阳与恒星天体物理 · 物理学 2024-07-15 Philipp Eitner , Maria Bergemann , Richard Hoppe , Åke Nordlund , Bertrand Plez , Jonas Klevas

The atmospheric structure of chemically peculiar stars deviates from that of normal stars with similar fundamental parameters due to unusual chemistry, abundance inhomogeneities and the presence of strong magnetic field. These effects are…

天体物理学 · 物理学 2007-12-03 O. Kochukhov , D. Shulyak

Ubiquitous detections of cold/warm gas around galaxies indicate that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is multiphase and dynamic. Recent state-of-the-art cosmological galaxy simulations have generally underproduced the column density of cold…

星系天体物理 · 物理学 2020-01-08 Cameron J. Liang , Ian S. Remming
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