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Despite efforts to align large language models (LLMs) with societal and moral values, these models remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks -- methods designed to elicit harmful responses. Jailbreaking black-box LLMs is considered…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Muyang Zheng , Yuanzhi Yao , Changting Lin , Caihong Kai , Yanxiang Chen , Zhiquan Liu

Jailbreaking large-language models (LLMs) involves testing their robustness against adversarial prompts and evaluating their ability to withstand prompt attacks that could elicit unauthorized or malicious responses. In this paper, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Aman Goel , Xian Carrie Wu , Zhe Wang , Dmitriy Bespalov , Yanjun Qi

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) adapts a trained model to specific downstream tasks, significantly improving task-specific performance. Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) is a common approach, where an LLM is trained to produce desired…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-03 Qianxi Li , Yingyue Cao , Jikun Kang , Tianpei Yang , Xi Chen , Jun Jin , Matthew E. Taylor

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained considerable popularity and protected by increasingly sophisticated safety mechanisms. However, jailbreak attacks continue to pose a critical security threat by inducing models to generate…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Zehao Liu , Xi Lin

Evaluations of large language model (LLM) risks and capabilities are increasingly being incorporated into AI risk management and governance frameworks. Currently, most risk evaluations are conducted by designing inputs that elicit harmful…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in performance, various jailbreak attacks have posed growing safety and ethical risks. Malicious users often exploit adversarial context to deceive LLMs, prompting them…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Jinhwa Kim , Ian G. Harris

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various domains, yet their utility comes with significant challenges related to outdated or problematic knowledge embedded during pretraining. This paper addresses the challenge of modifying…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Zhaoqi Wang , Zijian Zhang , Daqing He , Pengtao Kou , Xin Li , Jiamou Liu , Jincheng An , Yong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have gained human trust due to their capabilities and helpfulness. However, this in turn may allow LLMs to affect users' mindsets by manipulating language. It is termed as gaslighting, a psychological effect. In…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Wei Li , Luyao Zhu , Yang Song , Ruixi Lin , Rui Mao , Yang You

Due to language models' propensity to generate toxic or hateful responses, several techniques were developed to align model generations with users' preferences. Despite the effectiveness of such methods in improving the safety of model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Daniel Scalena , Gabriele Sarti , Malvina Nissim , Elisabetta Fersini

Nowadays, billions of people engage in communication and express their opinions on the internet daily. Unfortunately, not all of these expressions are friendly or compliant, making content moderation an indispensable task. A common approach…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-08 Huan Ma , Changqing Zhang , Huazhu Fu , Peilin Zhao , Bingzhe Wu

Prompt injection (both direct and indirect) and jailbreaking are now recognized as significant issues for large language models (LLMs), particularly due to their potential for harm in application-integrated contexts. This extended abstract…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Simon Ostermann , Kevin Baum , Christoph Endres , Julia Masloh , Patrick Schramowski

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for decision-making tasks under uncertainty; however, their risk profiles and how they are influenced by prompting and alignment methods remain underexplored. Existing studies have…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Yikai Wang , Xiaocheng Li , Guanting Chen

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit robust capabilities in text generation and comprehension, mimicking human behavior and exhibiting synthetic personalities. However, some LLMs have displayed offensive personality, propagating toxic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Yanquan Chen , Zhen Wu , Junjie Guo , Shujian Huang , Xinyu Dai

As large language models (LLMs) have increased in their capabilities, so does their potential for dual use. To reduce harmful outputs, produces and vendors of LLMs have used reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF). In tandem, LLM…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Qiusi Zhan , Richard Fang , Rohan Bindu , Akul Gupta , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Daniel Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized content creation across digital platforms, offering unprecedented capabilities in natural language generation and understanding. These models enable beneficial applications such as content…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Chi Zhang , Changjia Zhu , Junjie Xiong , Xiaoran Xu , Lingyao Li , Yao Liu , Zhuo Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Model alignment with human preferences is an essential step in making Large Language Models (LLMs) helpful and consistent with human values. It typically consists of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning from human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Yi Dong , Zhilin Wang , Makesh Narsimhan Sreedhar , Xianchao Wu , Oleksii Kuchaiev

In recent years, the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, research indicates that LLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries can induce the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-23 Jiawei Zhao , Kejiang Chen , Xiaojian Yuan , Weiming Zhang