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Out-of-distribution detection is an important component of reliable ML systems. Prior literature has proposed various methods (e.g., MSP (Hendrycks & Gimpel, 2017), ODIN (Liang et al., 2018), Mahalanobis (Lee et al., 2018)), claiming they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-14 Fahim Tajwar , Ananya Kumar , Sang Michael Xie , Percy Liang

As language models become more general purpose, increased attention needs to be paid to detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances, i.e., those not belonging to any of the distributions seen during training. Existing methods for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Aryan Gulati , Xingjian Dong , Carlos Hurtado , Sarath Shekkizhar , Swabha Swayamdipta , Antonio Ortega

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an indispensable aspect of secure AI when deploying machine learning models in real-world applications. Previous paradigms either explore better scoring functions or utilize the knowledge of outliers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Jianing Zhu , Hengzhuang Li , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Jianliang Xu , Bo Han

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for deploying reliable machine learning models on real-world applications. Recent advances in outlier exposure have shown promising results on OOD detection via fine-tuning model with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Jianing Zhu , Geng Yu , Jiangchao Yao , Tongliang Liu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama , Bo Han

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for building reliable AI systems, as models that produce outputs for invalid inputs cannot be trusted. Although deep learning (DL) is often assumed to outperform traditional machine learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Jihyeon Baek , Seunghoon Lee , Gitaek Kwon , Doohyun Park

Computer-aided diagnostics has benefited from the development of deep learning-based computer vision techniques in these years. Traditional supervised deep learning methods assume that the test sample is drawn from the identical…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Zesheng Hong , Yubiao Yue , Yubin Chen , Lele Cong , Huanjie Lin , Yuanmei Luo , Mini Han Wang , Weidong Wang , Jialong Xu , Xiaoqi Yang , Hechang Chen , Zhenzhang Li , Sihong Xie

In AI-driven medical imaging, the failure to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses a severe risk to clinical reliability, potentially leading to critical diagnostic errors. Current OOD detection methods often demand impractical…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Dariush Lotfi , Mohammad-Ali Nikouei Mahani , Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam , Kyongtae Ty Bae

Image classification models deployed in the real world may receive inputs outside the intended data distribution. For critical applications such as clinical decision making, it is important that a model can detect such out-of-distribution…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-07-07 Christoph Berger , Magdalini Paschali , Ben Glocker , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning models in real-world applications, where they frequently face data distributions unseen during training. Despite progress, existing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Reihaneh Zohrabi , Hosein Hasani , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah , Anna Rohrbach , Marcus Rohrbach , Mohammad Hossein Rohban

As machine learning becomes increasingly prevalent in impactful decisions, recognizing when inference data is outside the model's expected input distribution is paramount for giving context to predictions. Out-of-distribution (OOD)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-19 Anish Lakkapragada , Amol Khanna , Edward Raff , Nathan Inkawhich

The capacity of a modern deep learning system to determine if a sample falls within its realm of knowledge is fundamental and important. In this paper, we offer insights and analyses of recent state-of-the-art out-of-distribution (OOD)…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-03 Kai Xu , Rongyu Chen , Gianni Franchi , Angela Yao

The ability of a deep learning network to distinguish between in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is crucial for ensuring the reliability and trustworthiness of AI systems. Existing OOD detection methods often involve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Gagandeep Singh , Ishan Mishra , Deepak Mishra

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to detect "unknown" data whose labels have not been seen during the in-distribution (ID) training process. Recent progress in representation learning gives rise to distance-based OOD detection that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Ji Zhang , Lianli Gao , Bingguang Hao , Hao Huang , Jingkuan Song , Hengtao Shen

Most existing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection benchmarks classify samples with novel labels as the OOD data. However, some marginal OOD samples actually have close semantic contents to the in-distribution (ID) sample, which makes…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Xingming Long , Jie Zhang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Out-of-distribution detection is an important capability that has long eluded vanilla neural networks. Deep Neural networks (DNNs) tend to generate over-confident predictions when presented with inputs that are significantly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-24 Sumedh A Sontakke , Buvaneswari Ramanan , Laurent Itti , Thomas Woo

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical requirement for the deployment of deep neural networks. This paper introduces the HEAT model, a new post-hoc OOD detection method estimating the density of in-distribution (ID) samples using…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-21 Marc Lafon , Elias Ramzi , Clément Rambour , Nicolas Thome

Deep Learning models perform unreliably when the data comes from a distribution different from the training one. In critical applications such as medical imaging, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods help to identify such data…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-06-26 Anton Vasiliuk , Daria Frolova , Mikhail Belyaev , Boris Shirokikh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task in machine learning that seeks to identify abnormal samples. Traditionally, unsupervised methods utilize a deep generative model for OOD detection. However, such approaches require a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Alvin Heng , Alexandre H. Thiery , Harold Soh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is important for machine learning models deployed in the wild. Recent methods use auxiliary outlier data to regularize the model for improved OOD detection. However, these approaches make a strong…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-30 Julian Katz-Samuels , Julia Nakhleh , Robert Nowak , Yixuan Li

State-of-the-art Object Detection (OD) methods predominantly operate under a closed-world assumption, where test-time categories match those encountered during training. However, detecting and localizing unknown objects is crucial for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Daniel Montoya , Aymen Bouguerra , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Fabio Arnez