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Large language models (LLMs) are useful in many NLP tasks and become more capable with size, with the best open-source models having over 50 billion parameters. However, using these 50B+ models requires high-end hardware, making them…

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant environmental concerns. Unlike the one-time cost of training, LLM inference occurs continuously and dominates the AI energy footprint. Yet most sustainability studies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Hemang Jain , Shailender Goyal , Divyansh Pandey , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by the need for significant computational resources.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Julián Camilo Velandia Gutiérrez

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various fields, from natural language understanding to text generation. Compared to non-generative LLMs like BERT and DeBERTa, generative LLMs like GPT series and…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-06-16 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shan Huang , Yonghua Chen , Wen Li , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Jiayi Pan , Li Ding , Hao Zhou , Yu Wang , Guohao Dai

Recent work has demonstrated the remarkable potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in test-time scaling. By making models think before answering, they are able to achieve much higher accuracy with extra inference computation. However, in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Yi Sun , Han Wang , Jiaqiang Li , Jiacheng Liu , Xiangyu Li , Hao Wen , Yizhen Yuan , Huiwen Zheng , Yan Liang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu

Given limited and costly computational infrastructure, resource efficiency is a key requirement for large language models (LLMs). Efficient LLMs increase service capacity for providers and reduce latency and API costs for users. Recent…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yuanhe Zhang , Xinyue Wang , Zhican Chen , Weiliu Wang , Zilu Zhang , Zhengshuo Gong , Zhenhong Zhou , Kun Wang , Li Sun , Yang Liu , Sen Su

Language models (LMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in NLP, yet adapting them efficiently and robustly to specific tasks remains challenging. As their scale and complexity grow, fine-tuning LMs on labelled data often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Zhengyan Shi

Large language models (LLMs) have facilitated a wide range of applications with distinct service-level objectives (SLOs), from latency-sensitive online tasks like interactive chatbots to throughput-oriented offline workloads like data…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Ting Sun , Penghan Wang , Fan Lai

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in sequence modeling and text generation, with improvements scaling proportionally with model size. However, the limitations of GPU memory have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Zihao Zeng , Chubo Liu , Xin He , Juan Hu , Yong Jiang , Fei Huang , Kenli Li , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Large language models (LLMs) power many state-of-the-art systems in natural language processing. However, these models are extremely computationally expensive, even at inference time, raising the natural question: when is the extra cost of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-05 Deepak Narayanan , Keshav Santhanam , Peter Henderson , Rishi Bommasani , Tony Lee , Percy Liang

We examine the computational energy requirements of different systems driven by the geometrical scaling law, and increasing use of Artificial Intelligence or Machine Learning (AI-ML) over the last decade. With more scientific and technology…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-11-30 Sadasivan Shankar , Albert Reuther

Web browsing is an activity that billions of mobile users perform on a daily basis. Battery life is a primary concern to many mobile users who often find their phone has died at most inconvenient times. The heterogeneous multi-core…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2017-10-11 Jie Ren , Ling Gao , Hai Wang , Zheng Wang

The increasing proliferation of IoT devices and AI applications has created a demand for scalable and efficient computing solutions, particularly for applications requiring real-time processing. The compute continuum integrates edge and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Negin Akbari , John Grundy , Aamir Cheema , Adel N. Toosi

Queueing systems present many opportunities for applying machine-learning predictions, such as estimated service times, to improve system performance. This integration raises numerous open questions about how predictions can be effectively…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Michael Mitzenmacher , Rana Shahout

Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is a critical global challenge; it demands advances at the levels of materials, devices, and systems for the efficient harvesting, storage, conversion, and management of renewable…

Energy-based language models (ELMs) parameterize an unnormalized distribution for natural sentences and are radically different from popular autoregressive language models (ALMs). As an important application, ELMs have been successfully…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Hong Liu , Zhaobiao Lv , Zhijian Ou , Wenbo Zhao , Qing Xiao

The integration of generative AI models, particularly large language models (LLMs), into real-time multi-model AI applications such as video conferencing and gaming is giving rise to a new class of workloads: real-time generative AI…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Rachid Karami , Rajeev Patwari , Hyoukjun Kwon , Ashish Sirasao

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Large Language Models (LLMs) face challenges for on-device inference due to high memory demands. Traditional methods to reduce memory usage often compromise performance and lack adaptability. We propose FlexInfer, an optimized offloading…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Hongchao Du , Shangyu Wu , Arina Kharlamova , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Large language model (LLM) has recently been considered a promising technique for many fields. This work explores LLM-based wireless network optimization via in-context learning. To showcase the potential of LLM technologies, we consider…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-17 Hao Zhou , Chengming Hu , Dun Yuan , Ye Yuan , Di Wu , Xue Liu , Charlie Zhang