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As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, it is critical to assess the security threats and vulnerabilities that may arise both during their training phase and after models have been deployed. This survey seeks to define and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Francisco Aguilera-Martínez , Fernando Berzal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, but their robustness against adversarial attacks remains a critical concern. We presents a novel white-box style attack approach that exposes vulnerabilities in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 Zeyu Yang , Zhao Meng , Xiaochen Zheng , Roger Wattenhofer

The widespread adoption of code language models in software engineering tasks has exposed vulnerabilities to adversarial attacks, especially the identifier substitution attacks. Although existing identifier substitution attackers…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Wenhan Mu , Ling Xu , Shuren Pei , Le Mi , Huichi Zhou

Open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) often employ safety alignment methods to resist harmful instructions. However, recent research shows that maliciously fine-tuning these LLMs on harmful data can easily bypass these safeguards. To…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Zixuan Chen , Weikai Lu , Xin Lin , Ziqian Zeng

Background: Fine-tuning is central to adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but its reliance on training data, parameter updates, and reusable components opens entry points for attackers. Threats have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Wenjuan Li , Yitao Liu , Runze Chen , Rajkumar Buyya

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various applications, they are also susceptible to jailbreaking attacks. Several primary defense strategies have been proposed to protect LLMs from producing harmful…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Yichuan Mo , Yuji Wang , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significantly advanced capabilities in understanding and generating human language text, which have gained increasing popularity over recent years. Apart from their state-of-the-art natural…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Yihe Zhou , Tao Ni , Wei-Bin Lee , Qingchuan Zhao

Adversarial purification is a defense mechanism for safeguarding classifiers against adversarial attacks without knowing the type of attacks or training of the classifier. These techniques characterize and eliminate adversarial…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Raha Moraffah , Shubh Khandelwal , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Despite the impressive adaptability of large language models (LLMs), challenges remain in ensuring their security, transparency, and interpretability. Given their susceptibility to adversarial attacks, LLMs need to be defended with an…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Tomas Bueno Momcilovic , Beat Buesser , Giulio Zizzo , Mark Purcell , Dian Balta

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with profound societal impacts, yet their ability to generate responses to diverse and uncontrolled inputs leaves them vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing defenses often struggle…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Samuel Simko , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in a wide range of real-world applications. Despite their impressive performance, recent studies have shown that LLMs are vulnerable to deliberately crafted adversarial prompts…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-17 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Ye Zhang , Jun Sun

This paper documents early research conducted in 2022 on defending against prompt injection attacks in large language models, providing historical context for the evolution of this critical security domain. This research focuses on two…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Gustavo Sandoval , Denys Fenchenko , Junyao Chen

Benchmarking outcomes increasingly govern trust, selection, and deployment of LLMs, yet these evaluations remain vulnerable to semantically equivalent adversarial perturbations. Prior work on adversarial robustness in NLP has emphasized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Ivan Dubrovsky , Anastasia Orlova , Illarion Iov , Nina Gubina , Irena Gureeva , Alexey Zaytsev

As Large Language Models (LLMs) play an increasingly pivotal role in natural language processing applications, their safety concerns become critical areas of NLP research. This paper presents Safety and Over-Defensiveness Evaluation (SODE)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-02 Neeraj Varshney , Pavel Dolin , Agastya Seth , Chitta Baral

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to numerous natural language processing tasks, but their vulnerabilities present significant security and ethical challenges. This systematic survey explores the evolving landscape of attack…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Zhiyu Liao , Kang Chen , Yuanguo Lin , Kangkang Li , Yunxuan Liu , Hefeng Chen , Xingwang Huang , Yuanhui Yu

Recent research has shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to automated jailbreak attacks, where adversarial suffixes crafted by algorithms appended to harmful queries bypass safety alignment and trigger unintended…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Chung-En Sun , Xiaodong Liu , Weiwei Yang , Tsui-Wei Weng , Hao Cheng , Aidan San , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are valuable for text classification, but their vulnerabilities must not be disregarded. They lack robustness against adversarial examples, so it is pertinent to understand the impacts of different types of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-13 João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Reliable evaluation of adversarial defenses is a challenging task, currently limited to an expert who manually crafts attacks that exploit the defense's inner workings or approaches based on an ensemble of fixed attacks, none of which may…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-28 Chengyuan Yao , Pavol Bielik , Petar Tsankov , Martin Vechev

LLM developers have imposed technical interventions to prevent fine-tuning misuse attacks, attacks where adversaries evade safeguards by fine-tuning the model using a public API. Previous work has established several successful attacks…

Despite extensive pre-training in moral alignment to prevent generating harmful information, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we propose AutoDefense, a multi-agent defense framework that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-15 Yifan Zeng , Yiran Wu , Xiao Zhang , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu