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Out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses serious challenges in deployed machine learning models as even subtle changes could incur significant performance drops. Being able to estimate a model's performance on test data is important in practice…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 Yuzhe Lu , Zhenlin Wang , Runtian Zhai , Soheil Kolouri , Joseph Campbell , Katia Sycara

We present a new method for uncertainty estimation and out-of-distribution detection in neural networks with softmax output. We extend softmax layer with an additional constant input. The corresponding additional output is able to represent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-04-09 Marcin Możejko , Mateusz Susik , Rafał Karczewski

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for determining when a supervised model encounters inputs that differ meaningfully from its training distribution. While widely studied in classification, OOD detection for regression and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-16 Min Lu , Hemant Ishwaran

It is crucial to detect when an instance lies downright too far from the training samples for the machine learning model to be trusted, a challenge known as out-of-distribution (OOD) detection. For neural networks, one approach to this task…

To detect distribution shifts and improve model safety, many out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods rely on the predictive uncertainty or features of supervised models trained on in-distribution data. In this paper, we critically…

Applying machine learning to increasingly high-dimensional problems with sparse or biased training data increases the risk that a model is used on inputs outside its training domain. For such out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, the model can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Juniper Tyree , Andreas Rupp , Petri S. Clusius , Michael H. Boy

The capability of reliably detecting out-of-distribution samples is one of the key factors in deploying a good classifier, as the test distribution always does not match with the training distribution in most real-world applications. In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-05 Dongha Lee , Sehun Yu , Hwanjo Yu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) robustness is a critical challenge for modern machine learning systems, particularly as they increasingly operate in multimodal settings involving inputs like video, audio, and sensor data. Currently, many OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Yuehan Qin , Li Li , Defu Cao , Tiankai Yang , Jiate Li , Yue Zhao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify test examples that do not belong to the training distribution and are thus unlikely to be predicted reliably. Despite a plethora of existing works, most of them focused only on the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Reza Averly , Wei-Lun Chao

Randomized smoothing is currently a state-of-the-art method to construct a certifiably robust classifier from neural networks against $\ell_2$-adversarial perturbations. Under the paradigm, the robustness of a classifier is aligned with the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-18 Jongheon Jeong , Sejun Park , Minkyu Kim , Heung-Chang Lee , Doguk Kim , Jinwoo Shin

The application of machine learning in safety-critical systems requires a reliable assessment of uncertainty. However, deep neural networks are known to produce highly overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Even if…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Alexander Meinke , Julian Bitterwolf , Matthias Hein

A crucial requirement for reliable deployment of deep learning models for safety-critical applications is the ability to identify out-of-distribution (OOD) data points, samples which differ from the training data and on which a model might…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-11 Dennis Ulmer , Giovanni Cinà

Subset selection-based methods are widely used to explain deep vision models: they attribute predictions by highlighting the most influential image regions and support object-level explanations. While these methods perform well in…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Madhav Gupta , Vishak Prasad C , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for model trustworthiness which aims to sensitively identify semantic OOD samples and robustly generalize for covariate-shifted OOD samples. However, we discover that the superior OOD…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Qingyang Zhang , Qiuxuan Feng , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Yatao Bian , Qinghua Hu , Changqing Zhang

When deploying a trained machine learning model in the real world, it is inevitable to receive inputs from out-of-distribution (OOD) sources. For instance, in continual learning settings, it is common to encounter OOD samples due to the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-23 Chuanwen Feng , Wenlong Chen , Ao Ke , Yilong Ren , Xike Xie , S. Kevin Zhou

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task in machine learning, particularly in safety-sensitive applications where model failures can have serious consequences. However, current OOD detection methods often suffer from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Iván Sevillano-García , Julián Luengo , Francisco Herrera

Supervised deep-embedding methods project inputs of a domain to a representational space in which same-class instances lie near one another and different-class instances lie far apart. We propose a probabilistic method that treats…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-09-27 Tyler R. Scott , Karl Ridgeway , Michael C. Mozer

Standard recognition approaches are unable to deal with novel categories at test time. Their overconfidence on the known classes makes the predictions unreliable for safety-critical applications such as healthcare or autonomous driving.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-13 Lorenzo Li Lu , Giulia D'Ascenzi , Francesco Cappio Borlino , Tatiana Tommasi

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliable deployment of deep learning systems, yet the majority of existing methods are evaluated on small, visually homogeneous benchmarks. In this work, we study six OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Devesh Shah

Neural networks that are trained on limited category samples often mispredict out-of-distribution (OOD) objects. We observe that features of the same category are more tightly clustered in feature space, while those of different categories…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Junkun Chen , Jilin Mei , Liang Chen , Fangzhou Zhao , Yan Xing , Yu Hu