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Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, there is no consensus on evaluating jailbreaks, i.e., the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Yichen Gong , Jingyi Zheng , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang

Adversarial misuse, particularly through `jailbreaking' that circumvents a model's safety and ethical protocols, poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper delves into the mechanisms behind such successful…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Huijie Lv , Xiao Wang , Yuansen Zhang , Caishuang Huang , Shihan Dou , Junjie Ye , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Jailbreaking attacks can effectively manipulate open-source large language models (LLMs) to produce harmful responses. However, these attacks exhibit limited transferability, failing to disrupt proprietary LLMs consistently. To reliably…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Runqi Lin , Bo Han , Fengwang Li , Tongling Liu

With the rapid advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), securing these models against malicious inputs while aligning them with human values has emerged as a critical challenge. In this paper, we investigate an important…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Weidi Luo , Siyuan Ma , Xiaogeng Liu , Xiaoyu Guo , Chaowei Xiao

Despite extensive safety-tuning, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks via adversarially crafted instructions, reflecting a persistent trade-off between safety and task performance. In this work, we propose…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Wei Jie Yeo , Ranjan Satapathy , Erik Cambria

Aligned large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Recent mechanistic studies have identified latent features and representation shifts associated with jailbreak success, but they leave a more fundamental question…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Yu Chen , Yuanhao Liu , Qi Cao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language tasks, but their safety and morality remain contentious due to their training on internet text corpora. To address these concerns, alignment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Nishant Vishwamitra , Peyman Najafirad

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being enhanced with the ability to use tools and to process multiple modalities. These new capabilities bring new benefits and also new security risks. In this work, we show that an attacker can use visual…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. An important observation is that, while different types of jailbreak attacks can generate significantly different queries, they mostly result in similar responses…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Junxiao Yang , Yida Lu , Pei Ke , Shiyao Cui , Chujie Zheng , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

Current jailbreaking work on large language models (LLMs) aims to elicit unsafe outputs from given prompts. However, it only focuses on single-turn jailbreaking targeting one specific query. On the contrary, the advanced LLMs are designed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Xianjun Yang , Liqiang Xiao , Shiyang Li , Faisal Ladhak , Hyokun Yun , Linda Ruth Petzold , Yi Xu , William Yang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in natural language processing but face the risk of jailbreak attacks that maliciously induce them to generate harmful content. Existing jailbreak attacks, including character-level and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Bangxin Li , Hengrui Xing , Cong Tian , Chao Huang , Jin Qian , Huangqing Xiao , Linfeng Feng

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to various applications, ensuring both their safety and utility is paramount. Jailbreak attacks, which manipulate LLMs into generating harmful content, pose significant challenges to this…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Xiang He , Yi Zeng

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has spurred the development of numerous jailbreak techniques aimed at circumventing their security defenses against malicious attacks. An effective jailbreak approach is to identify a domain where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Yu Peng , Zewen Long , Fangming Dong , Congyi Li , Shu Wu , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, encounter `jailbreak' challenges, wherein safeguards are circumvented to generate ethically harmful prompts. This study introduces a straightforward black-box method for efficiently crafting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-25 Kazuhiro Takemoto

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Factual hallucinations are a major challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). They undermine reliability and user trust by generating inaccurate or fabricated content. Recent studies suggest that when generating false statements, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Giovanni Servedio , Alessandro De Bellis , Dario Di Palma , Vito Walter Anelli , Tommaso Di Noia

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks simulate real-world human interactions by engaging large language models (LLMs) in iterative dialogues, exposing critical safety vulnerabilities. However, existing methods often struggle to balance semantic…

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

Despite substantial advancements in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, current safety mechanisms remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks. We hypothesize that this vulnerability stems from distributional discrepancies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Jingyu Peng , Maolin Wang , Nan Wang , Jiatong Li , Yuchen Li , Yuyang Ye , Wanyu Wang , Pengyue Jia , Kai Zhang , Xiangyu Zhao
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