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There is a rapidly growing number of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) and benchmark datasets to compare them. While some models dominate these benchmarks, no single model typically achieves the best accuracy in all tasks and use…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-28 Tal Shnitzer , Anthony Ou , Mírian Silva , Kate Soule , Yuekai Sun , Justin Solomon , Neil Thompson , Mikhail Yurochkin

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly relevant as a potential tool for healthcare, aiding communication between clinicians, researchers, and patients. However, traditional evaluations of LLMs on medical exam questions do…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-19 Rojin Ziaei , Samuel Schmidgall

(Partial) ranking loss is a commonly used evaluation measure for multi-label classification, which is usually optimized with convex surrogates for computational efficiency. Prior theoretical work on multi-label ranking mainly focuses on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-12 Guoqiang Wu , Chongxuan Li , Kun Xu , Jun Zhu

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are widely used in the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, there are concerns about whether MCQs can truly measure LLM's capabilities, particularly in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Wangyue Li , Liangzhi Li , Tong Xiang , Xiao Liu , Wei Deng , Noa Garcia

While Large language models (LLMs) have proved able to address some complex reasoning tasks, we also know that they are highly sensitive to input variation, which can lead to different solution paths and final answers. Answer consistency…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Huiyuan Lai , Xiao Zhang , Malvina Nissim

The natural language understanding (NLU) performance of large language models (LLMs) has been evaluated across various tasks and datasets. The existing evaluation methods, however, do not take into account the variance in scores due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-23 Yusuke Sakai , Adam Nohejl , Jiangnan Hang , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Taro Watanabe

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to assign document relevance labels in information retrieval pipelines, especially in domains lacking human-labeled data. However, different models often disagree on borderline cases,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 William A. Ingram , Bipasha Banerjee , Edward A. Fox

Large Language Models (LLMs) annotated datasets are widely used nowadays, however, large-scale annotations often show biases in low-quality datasets. For example, Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) datasets with one single correct option is…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software applications. Downstream application developers often access LLMs through APIs provided as a service. However, LLM APIs are often updated silently and scheduled to be…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-02-08 Wanqin Ma , Chenyang Yang , Christian Kästner

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing every aspect of society. They are increasingly used in problem-solving tasks to substitute human assessment and reasoning. LLMs are trained on what humans write and are thus exposed to human…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Fengfei Sun , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Lorenz Goette

When deploying large language models (LLMs), it is important to ensure that these models are not only capable, but also reliable. Many benchmarks have been created to track LLMs' growing capabilities, however there has been no similar focus…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Joshua Vendrow , Edward Vendrow , Sara Beery , Aleksander Madry

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful zero- and few-shot learners. However, when predicting over a set of candidate options, LLMs suffer from label biases, and existing calibration methods overlook biases arising from multi-token class…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Mario Sanz-Guerrero , Katharina von der Wense

"LLM-as-a-judge," which utilizes large language models (LLMs) as evaluators, has proven effective in many evaluation tasks. However, evaluator LLMs exhibit numerical bias, a phenomenon where certain evaluation scores are generated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Ayako Sato , Hwichan Kim , Zhousi Chen , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi

Evaluation benchmarks are the cornerstone of measuring capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as well as driving progress in said capabilities. Originally designed to make claims about capabilities (or lack thereof) in fully…

Large language models show strong performance on knowledge intensive tasks such as fact-checking and question answering, yet they often struggle with numerical reasoning. We present a systematic evaluation of state-of-the-art models for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Peter Røysland Aarnes , Vinay Setty

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on multiple-choice question (MCQ) benchmarks is frequently cited as proof of their medical capabilities. We hypothesized that LLM performance on medical MCQs may in part be illusory and driven…

Multilingual pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredibly effective at Question Answering (QA), a core task in Natural Language Understanding, achieving high accuracies on several multilingual benchmarks. However, little is known…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Cultural biases in multilingual datasets pose significant challenges for their effectiveness as global benchmarks. These biases stem not only from differences in language but also from the cultural knowledge required to interpret questions,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) show great promise in software engineering tasks like Fault Localization (FL) and Automatic Program Repair (APR). This study investigates the impact of input order and context size on LLM performance in FL, a…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Md Nakhla Rafi , Dong Jae Kim , Tse-Hsun Chen , Shaowei Wang

In the AutoML domain, test accuracy is heralded as the quintessential metric for evaluating model efficacy, underpinning a wide array of applications from neural architecture search to hyperparameter optimization. However, the reliability…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Pawel Pukowski , Haiping Lu