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Fragmentation is a serious problem in the Android ecosystem. This problem is mainly caused by the fast evolution of the system itself and the various customizations independently maintained by different smartphone manufacturers. Many…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-06-01 Pei Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Haipeng Cai , Mattia Fazzini , John Grundy , Li Li

With over 500,000 commits and more than 700 contributors, the Android platform is undoubtedly one of the largest industrial-scale software projects. This project provides the Android API, and developers heavily rely on this API to develop…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-06-01 Pei Liu , Li Li , Yichun Yan , Mattia Fazzini , John Grundy

Many developers and organizations implement apps for Android, the most widely used operating system for mobile devices. Common problems developers face are the various hardware devices, customized Android variants, and frequent updates,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-18 Sebastian Nielebock , Paul Blockhaus , Jacob Krüger , Frank Ortmeier

Despite being one of the largest and most popular projects, the official Android framework has only provided test cases for less than 30% of its APIs. Such a poor test case coverage rate has led to many compatibility issues that can cause…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-08-30 Xiaoyu Sun , Xiao Chen , Yanjie Zhao , Pei Liu , John Grundy , Li Li

The Android ecosystem is profoundly fragmented due to the frequent updates of the Android system and the prevalent customizations by mobile device manufacturers. Previous research primarily focused on identifying and repairing…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Junfeng Chen , Kevin Li , Yifei Chen , Lili Wei , Yepang Liu

Android has been the most popular smartphone system, with multiple platform versions (e.g., KITKAT and Lollipop) active in the market. To manage the application's compatibility with one or more platform versions, Android allows apps to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2017-03-20 Daoyuan Wu , Ximing Liu , Jiayun Xu , David Lo , Debin Gao

Android apps are built on APIs that abstract core Android system functionalities. These APIs are officially documented in multiple files distributed with the Android source code or SDK, which we collectively refer to as Android API Lists…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Sinan Wang , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Li , Lili Wei , Yida Tao , Yepang Liu

The permission mechanism in the Android Framework is integral to safeguarding the privacy of users by managing users' and processes' access to sensitive resources and operations. As such, developers need to be equipped with an in-depth…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Han Hu , Wei Minn , Yonghui Liu , Jiakun Liu , Ferdian Thung , Terry Yue Zhuo , Lwin Khin Shar , Debin Gao , David Lo

The increasing frequency of attacks on Android applications coupled with the recent popularity of large language models (LLMs) necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the capabilities of the latter in identifying potential…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Vasileios Kouliaridis , Georgios Karopoulos , Georgios Kambourakis

Building Android applications reliably remains a persistent challenge due to complex dependencies, diverse configurations, and the rapid evolution of the Android ecosystem. This study conducts an empirical analysis of 200 open-source…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Lakshmi Priya Bodepudi , Yutong Zhao , Ming Quan Fu , Yuanyuan Wu , Sen He , Yu Zhao

Mobile operating systems evolve quickly, frequently updating the APIs that app developers use to build their apps. Unfortunately, API updates do not always guarantee backward compatibility, causing apps to not longer work properly or even…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-01-01 Marco Mobilio , Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Android apps rely on application programming interfaces (APIs) to access various functionalities of Android devices. These APIs however are regularly updated to incorporate new features while the old APIs get deprecated. Even though the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-11-08 Tarek Mahmud , Bin Duan , Meiru Che , Awatif Yasmin , Anne H. H. Ngu , Guowei Yang

Android introduces a new permission model that allows apps to request permissions at runtime rather than at the installation time since 6.0 (Marshmallow, API level 23). While this runtime permission model provides users with greater…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-06-25 Ying Wang , Yibo Wang , Sinan Wang , Yepang Liu , Chang Xu , Shing-Chi Cheung , Hai Yu , Zhiliang Zhu

XML configuration files are widely used in Android to define an app's user interface and essential runtime information such as system permissions. As Android evolves, it might introduce functional changes in the configuration environment,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-09-02 Huaxun Huang , Ming Wen , Lili Wei , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Security Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are crucial for ensuring software security. However, their misuse introduces vulnerabilities, potentially leading to severe data breaches and substantial financial loss. Complex API design,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Zahra Mousavi , Chadni Islam , M. Ali Babar , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore

The fast-paced evolution of Android APIs has posed a challenging task for Android app developers. To leverage Android's frequently released APIs, developers must often spend considerable effort on API migrations. Prior research and Android…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2021-03-29 Maxime Lamothe , Weiyi Shang , Tse-Hsun Chen

Dealing with the evolution of operating systems is challenging for developers of mobile apps, who have to deal with frequent upgrades that often include backward incompatible changes of the underlying API framework. As a consequence of…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2019-11-22 Marco Mobilio , Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

The Android platform introduces the runtime permission model in version 6.0. The new model greatly improves data privacy and user experience, but brings new challenges for app developers. First, it allows users to freely revoke granted…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-02-01 Sinan Wang , Yibo Wang , Xian Zhan , Ying Wang , Yepang Liu , Xiapu Luo , Shing-Chi Cheung

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed software engineering, showing promise in tasks like code generation, bug detection, and compliance checking. However, current models struggle to detect compliance…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Haoyi Zhang , Huaijin Ran , Xunzhu Tang

APIs are the primary mechanism for developers to gain access to externally defined services and tools. However, previous research has revealed API misuses that violate the contract of APIs to be prevalent. Such misuses can have harmful…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-05-18 Rodrigo Bonifacio , Stefan Krüger , Krishna Narasimhan , Eric Bodden , Mira Mezini
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