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Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) can be defined by correctly solving a task where no training data is available, based on previous acquired knowledge from different, but related tasks. So far, this area has mostly drawn the attention from computer…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2018-10-25 Joao Reis , Gil Gonçalves

Multi-task learning (MTL), instruction tuning, and prompting have recently been shown to improve the generalizability of large language models to new tasks. However, the benefits of such methods are less well-documented in smaller language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Alon Albalak , Akshat Shrivastava , Chinnadhurai Sankar , Adithya Sagar , Mike Ross

Recent NLP models have shown the remarkable ability to effectively generalise `zero-shot' to new tasks using only natural language instructions as guidance. However, many of these approaches suffer from high computational costs due to their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Hamish Ivison , Akshita Bhagia , Yizhong Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Matthew Peters

Trained on large datasets, deep learning (DL) can accurately classify videos into hundreds of diverse classes. However, video data is expensive to annotate. Zero-shot learning (ZSL) proposes one solution to this problem. ZSL trains a model…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-06-23 Biagio Brattoli , Joseph Tighe , Fedor Zhdanov , Pietro Perona , Krzysztof Chalupka

Zero-shot learning extends the conventional object classification to the unseen class recognition by introducing semantic representations of classes. Existing approaches predominantly focus on learning the proper mapping function for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-12-03 Yizhe Zhu , Jianwen Xie , Zhiqiang Tang , Xi Peng , Ahmed Elgammal

The recent advances in transfer learning techniques and pre-training of large contextualized encoders foster innovation in real-life applications, including dialog assistants. Practical needs of intent recognition require effective data…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-06-23 Dmitry Lamanov , Pavel Burnyshev , Ekaterina Artemova , Valentin Malykh , Andrey Bout , Irina Piontkovskaya

Quantization is one of the most popular techniques for reducing computation time and shrinking model size. However, ensuring the accuracy of quantized models typically involves calibration using training data, which may be inaccessible due…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-27 Burak Sevsay , Erdem Akagündüz

Retrained large language models (LLMs) have become extensively used across various sub-disciplines of natural language processing (NLP). In NLP, text classification problems have garnered considerable focus, but still faced with some…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Zhiqiang Wang , Yiran Pang , Yanbin Lin

We introduce Generalized Instruction Tuning (called GLAN), a general and scalable method for instruction tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). Unlike prior work that relies on seed examples or existing datasets to construct instruction…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated remarkable success in solving sequential decision-making problems. However, in real-world scenarios, RL agents often struggle to generalize when faced with unseen actions that were not…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Abdullah Alchihabi , Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Machine unlearning, an emerging research topic focusing on compliance with data privacy regulations, enables trained models to remove the information learned from specific data. While many existing methods indirectly address this issue by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Seonguk Seo , Dongwan Kim , Bohyung Han

The success of monocular depth estimation relies on large and diverse training sets. Due to the challenges associated with acquiring dense ground-truth depth across different environments at scale, a number of datasets with distinct…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-08-26 René Ranftl , Katrin Lasinger , David Hafner , Konrad Schindler , Vladlen Koltun

We equip a smaller Language Model to generalise to answering challenging compositional questions that have not been seen in training. To do so we propose a combination of multitask supervised pretraining on up to 93 tasks designed to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Tim Hartill , Neset Tan , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

Transfer-learning and meta-learning are two effective methods to apply knowledge learned from large data sources to new tasks. In few-class, few-shot target task settings (i.e. when there are only a few classes and training examples…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-02-11 Amir Erfan Eshratifar , Mohammad Saeed Abrishami , David Eigen , Massoud Pedram

We investigate semi-structured document classification in a zero-shot setting. Classification of semi-structured documents is more challenging than that of standard unstructured documents, as positional, layout, and style information play a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-12 Muhammad Khalifa , Yogarshi Vyas , Shuai Wang , Graham Horwood , Sunil Mallya , Miguel Ballesteros

Can meta-learning discover generic ways of processing time series (TS) from a diverse dataset so as to greatly improve generalization on new TS coming from different datasets? This work provides positive evidence to this using a broad…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-16 Boris N. Oreshkin , Dmitri Carpov , Nicolas Chapados , Yoshua Bengio

To comply with AI and data regulations, the need to forget private or copyrighted information from trained machine learning models is increasingly important. The key challenge in unlearning is forgetting the necessary data in a timely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Jack Foster , Kyle Fogarty , Stefan Schoepf , Zack Dugue , Cengiz Öztireli , Alexandra Brintrup

Zero-shot learning is the problem of predicting instances over classes not seen during training. One approach to zero-shot learning is providing auxiliary class information to the model. Prior work along this vein have largely used…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-01 Austin W. Hanjie , Ameet Deshpande , Karthik Narasimhan

We study theoretical guarantees for solving linear systems in-context using a linear transformer architecture. For in-domain generalization, we provide neural scaling laws that bound the generalization error in terms of the number of tasks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Frank Cole , Yulong Lu , Wuzhe Xu , Tianhao Zhang