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相关论文: Black-Box Detection of Language Model Watermarks

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Large language models (LLMs) raise concerns about content authenticity and integrity because they can generate human-like text at scale. Text watermarks, which embed detectable statistical signals into generated text, offer a provable way…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Weiqing He , Xiang Li , Tianqi Shang , Li Shen , Weijie Su , Qi Long

We present a study to benchmark representative watermarking methods in cross-lingual settings. The current literature mainly focuses on the evaluation of watermarking methods for the English language. However, the literature for evaluating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Mansour Al Ghanim , Jiaqi Xue , Rochana Prih Hastuti , Mengxin Zheng , Yan Solihin , Qian Lou

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled the creation of highly realistic digital content, raising concerns around authenticity, ownership, and misuse. While watermarking has become an increasingly important mechanism to trace and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Obtaining the state of the art performance of deep learning models imposes a high cost to model generators, due to the tedious data preparation and the substantial processing requirements. To protect the model from unauthorized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-27 Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Jiaqi Wang , Nils Lukas , Xinda Li , Florian Kerschbaum

The rise of LLMs has increased concerns over source tracing and copyright protection for AIGC, highlighting the need for advanced detection technologies. Passive detection methods usually face high false positives, while active watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Jiantao Zhou , Yain-Whar Si

We propose an imperceptible multi-bit text watermark embedded by paraphrasing with LLMs. We fine-tune a pair of LLM paraphrasers that are designed to behave differently so that their paraphrasing difference reflected in the text semantics…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Xiaojun Xu , Jinghan Jia , Yuanshun Yao , Yang Liu , Hang Li

The rapid advancement of customized Large Language Models (LLMs) offers considerable convenience. However, it also intensifies concerns regarding the protection of copyright/confidential information. With the extensive adoption of private…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Yuehan Zhang , Peizhuo Lv , Yinpeng Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Wei Lu , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu , Jiawei Liu

With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in daily life, concerns have emerged regarding their potential misuse and societal impact. Watermarking is proposed to trace the usage of specific models by injecting patterns into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Baizhou Huang , Xiaojun Wan

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

We investigate the radioactivity of text generated by large language models (LLM), i.e. whether it is possible to detect that such synthetic input was used to train a subsequent LLM. Current methods like membership inference or active IP…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Tom Sander , Pierre Fernandez , Alain Durmus , Matthijs Douze , Teddy Furon

With the rapid development of cloud-based services, large language models have become increasingly accessible through various web platforms. However, this accessibility has also led to growing risks of model abuse. LLM watermarking has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Shi Wang , Li Guo

A recent and exciting thread of work focuses on developing methods for watermarking the output of large language models (LLMs). We focus on provably undetectable watermarking-that is, schemes that do not alter the output distribution of the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Noam Mazor , Andrew Morgan , Rafael Pass

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

Latent diffusion models have exhibited considerable potential in generative tasks. Watermarking is considered to be an alternative to safeguard the copyright of generative models and prevent their misuse. However, in the context of model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-20 Liangqi Lei , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

The radioactive nature of Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking enables the detection of watermarks inherited by student models when trained on the outputs of watermarked teacher models, making it a promising tool for preventing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Shiyu Huang , Yijian Lu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

Verifying the authenticity of AI-generated text has become increasingly important with the rapid advancement of large language models, and unbiased watermarking has emerged as a promising approach due to its ability to preserve output…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yihan Wu , Xuehao Cui , Ruibo Chen , Heng Huang

We study how to watermark LLM outputs, i.e. embedding algorithmically detectable signals into LLM-generated text to track misuse. Unlike the current mainstream methods that work with a fixed LLM, we expand the watermark design space by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Xiaojun Xu , Yuanshun Yao , Yang Liu

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has emerged as a promising approach for detecting and attributing AI-generated text, yet its robustness to black-box spoofing remains insufficiently evaluated. Existing evaluation methods often demand…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Hanbo Huang , Xuan Gong , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Shiyu Liang

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed to autonomously solve complex tasks, raising urgent needs for IP protection and regulatory provenance. While content watermarking effectively attributes LLM-generated outputs, it fails to directly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Kaibo Huang , Jin Tan , Yukun Wei , Wanling Li , Zipei Zhang , Hui Tian , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Deep learning techniques are one of the most significant elements of any Artificial Intelligence (AI) services. Recently, these Machine Learning (ML) methods, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), presented exceptional achievement in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-10 Mohammad Mehdi Yadollahi , Farzaneh Shoeleh , Sajjad Dadkhah , Ali A. Ghorbani