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Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to develop successful recommender systems. Although powerful, it is very difficult for a GNN-based recommender system to attach tangible explanations of why a specific item ends…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-08-09 Ziheng Chen , Fabrizio Silvestri , Jia Wang , Yongfeng Zhang , Zhenhua Huang , Hongshik Ahn , Gabriele Tolomei

Counterfactual explanations are gaining prominence within technical, legal, and business circles as a way to explain the decisions of a machine learning model. These explanations share a trait with the long-established "principal reason"…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2019-12-12 Solon Barocas , Andrew D. Selbst , Manish Raghavan

Prevailing methods for training Large Language Models (LLMs) as text encoders rely on contrastive losses that treat the model as a black box function, discarding its generative and reasoning capabilities in favor of static embeddings. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Jiashuo Sun , Shixuan Liu , Zhaochen Su , Xianrui Zhong , Pengcheng Jiang , Bowen Jin , Peiran Li , Weijia Shi , Jiawei Han

Counterfactual explanations indicate the smallest change in input that can translate to a different outcome for a machine learning model. Counterfactuals have generated immense interest in high-stakes applications such as finance,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Erfaun Noorani , Pasan Dissanayake , Faisal Hamman , Sanghamitra Dutta

Counterfactual explanation is one branch of interpretable machine learning that produces a perturbation sample to change the model's original decision. The generated samples can act as a recommendation for end-users to achieve their desired…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Guandong Xu

Machine Learning has seen tremendous growth recently, which has led to larger adoption of ML systems for educational assessments, credit risk, healthcare, employment, criminal justice, to name a few. The trustworthiness of ML and NLP…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-03-19 Nishtha Madaan , Inkit Padhi , Naveen Panwar , Diptikalyan Saha

Visual counterfactual explanations identify modifications to an image that would change the prediction of a classifier. We propose a set of techniques based on generative models (VAE) and a classifier ensemble directly trained in the latent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-29 Claire Theobald , Frédéric Pennerath , Brieuc Conan-Guez , Miguel Couceiro , Amedeo Napoli

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly adopted across domains such as molecular biology and social network analysis, yet their black-box nature hinders interpretability and trust. This is especially problematic in high-stakes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Matteo De Sanctis , Riccardo De Sanctis , Stefano Faralli , Paola Velardi , Bardh Prenkaj

Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) provide human-centric interpretability by identifying the minimal, actionable changes required to alter a machine learning model's prediction. Therefore, CFs can be used as (i) interventions for…

There has been considerable recent interest in explainability in AI, especially with black-box machine learning models. As correctly observed by the planning community, when the application at hand is not a single-shot decision or…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Vaishak Belle

Neural Image Classifiers are effective but inherently hard to interpret and susceptible to adversarial attacks. Solutions to both problems exist, among others, in the form of counterfactual examples generation to enhance explainability or…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-03 Rafael Bischof , Florian Scheidegger , Michael A. Kraus , A. Cristiano I. Malossi

Graph neural network (GNN) is a powerful learning approach for graph-based recommender systems. Recently, GNNs integrated with contrastive learning have shown superior performance in recommendation with their data augmentation schemes,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-06-16 Xuheng Cai , Chao Huang , Lianghao Xia , Xubin Ren

Counterfactual explanations are a prominent example of post-hoc interpretability methods in the explainable Artificial Intelligence research domain. They provide individuals with alternative scenarios and a set of recommendations to achieve…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-01-20 Andrea Ferrario , Michele Loi

Explainability for machine learning models has gained considerable attention within the research community given the importance of deploying more reliable machine-learning systems. In computer vision applications, generative counterfactual…

To increase the adoption of counterfactual explanations in practice, several criteria that these should adhere to have been put forward in the literature. We propose counterfactual explanations using optimization with constraint learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-15 Donato Maragno , Tabea E. Röber , Ilker Birbil

Currently, there is a significant amount of research being conducted in the field of artificial intelligence to improve the explainability and interpretability of deep learning models. It is found that if end-users understand the reason for…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Niloofar Ranjbar , Saeedeh Momtazi , MohammadMehdi Homayounpour

Visual counterfactual explanations are ideal hypothetical images that change the decision-making of the classifier with high confidence toward the desired class while remaining visually plausible and close to the initial image. In this…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Tung Luu , Nam Le , Duc Le , Bac Le

Ensuring transparency in AI decision-making requires interpretable explanations, particularly at the instance level. Counterfactual explanations are a powerful tool for this purpose, but existing techniques frequently depend on synthetic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Minh Hieu Nguyen , Viet Hung Doan , Anh Tuan Nguyen , Jun Jo , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen

This paper investigates the prospects of using directive explanations to assist people in achieving recourse of machine learning decisions. Directive explanations list which specific actions an individual needs to take to achieve their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-05 Ronal Singh , Paul Dourish , Piers Howe , Tim Miller , Liz Sonenberg , Eduardo Velloso , Frank Vetere

Counterfactual explanations provide human-understandable reasoning for AI-made decisions by describing minimal changes to input features that would alter a model's prediction. To be truly useful in practice, such explanations must be…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Asiful Arefeen , Shovito Barua Soumma , Hassan Ghasemzadeh