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Large Language Models (LLMs) can comply with harmful instructions, raising serious safety concerns despite their impressive capabilities. Recent work has leveraged probing-based approaches to study the separability of malicious and benign…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Cheng Wang , Zeming Wei , Qin Liu , Muhao Chen

The rapid adoption of LLMs in both research and industry highlights the challenges of deploying them safely and reveals a gap in the systematic evaluation of toxicity benchmarks. As organizations increasingly rely on these benchmarks to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Regina Gugg , Selina Niederländer , Andreas Stöckl , Martin Flechl

Large Language Models (LLMs) often expend significant computational resources generating boilerplate responses, such as refusals, simple acknowledgements and casual greetings, which adds unnecessary cost and latency. To address this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Yuval Kainan , Shaked Zychlinski

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across diverse applications due to their impressive generative capabilities. Their plug-and-play nature enables both developers and end users to interact with these models through…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Zongze Li , Jiawei Guo , Haipeng Cai

Recent AI agents, such as ChatGPT and LLaMA, primarily rely on instruction tuning and reinforcement learning to calibrate the output of large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, ensuring the outputs are harmless and helpful.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Jingxin Xu , Guoshun Nan , Sheng Guan , Sicong Leng , Yilian Liu , Zixiao Wang , Yuyang Ma , Zhili Zhou , Yanzhao Hou , Xiaofeng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly popular but are also prone to generating bias, toxic or harmful language, which can have detrimental effects on individuals and communities. Although most efforts is put to assess and mitigate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Caroline Brun , Vassilina Nikoulina

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) gives rise to ethical concerns about their performance, while opening new avenues for developing toxic language detection techniques. However, LLMs' unethical output and their capability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Xi Chen , Shuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) enhance security through alignment when widely used, but remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks capable of producing inappropriate content. Jailbreak detection methods show promise in mitigating jailbreak…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-26 Guorui Chen , Yifan Xia , Xiaojun Jia , Zhijiang Li , Philip Torr , Jindong Gu

Large Language Models remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts that elicit toxic content even after safety alignment. We present ToxSearch, a black-box evolutionary framework that tests model safety by evolving prompts in a synchronous…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Onkar Shelar , Travis Desell

Detecting toxic content using language models is important but challenging. While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in understanding Chinese, recent studies show that simple character substitutions in toxic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Shujian Yang , Shiyao Cui , Chuanrui Hu , Haicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Minlie Huang , Jialiang Lu , Han Qiu

Safety evaluations of large language models (LLMs) typically report binary outcomes, i.e. attack success rate (ASR), refusal rate, or harmful versus safe classification, which hide how risk changes between prompt and response. We present a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Mengya Hu , Qiong Wei , Sandeep Atluri

Large Language Models (LLMs) become the start-of-the-art solutions for a variety of natural language tasks and are integrated into real-world applications. However, LLMs can be potentially harmful in manifesting undesirable safety issues…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Zhuoer Xu , Jianping Zhang , Shiwen Cui , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang

Language is a deep-rooted means of perpetration of stereotypes and discrimination. Large Language Models (LLMs), now a pervasive technology in our everyday lives, can cause extensive harm when prone to generating toxic responses. The…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Simone Corbo , Luca Bancale , Valeria De Gennaro , Livia Lestingi , Vincenzo Scotti , Matteo Camilli

The past year has seen rapid acceleration in the development of large language models (LLMs). However, without proper steering and safeguards, LLMs will readily follow malicious instructions, provide unsafe advice, and generate toxic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-19 Bertie Vidgen , Nino Scherrer , Hannah Rose Kirk , Rebecca Qian , Anand Kannappan , Scott A. Hale , Paul Röttger

Large language models (LM) generate remarkably fluent text and can be efficiently adapted across NLP tasks. Measuring and guaranteeing the quality of generated text in terms of safety is imperative for deploying LMs in the real world; to…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are seeing significant adoption in every type of organization due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, LLMs are found to be vulnerable to various adversarial attacks, particularly prompt…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Md. Ahsan Ayub , Subhabrata Majumdar

Toxicity detection is crucial for maintaining the peace of the society. While existing methods perform well on normal toxic contents or those generated by specific perturbation methods, they are vulnerable to evolving perturbation patterns.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Hankun Kang , Jianhao Chen , Yongqi Li , Xin Miao , Mayi Xu , Ming Zhong , Yuanyuan Zhu , Tieyun Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, largely attributed to the intricate alignment process using human feedback. While alignment has become an essential training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Bocheng Chen , Hanqing Guo , Guangjing Wang , Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan

LLM-integrated applications are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where an attacker contaminates the input to inject malicious instructions, causing the LLM to follow the attacker's intent instead of the original user's. Existing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Wei Zou , Yupei Liu , Yanting Wang , Ying Chen , Neil Gong , Jinyuan Jia