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Most offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms return a target policy maximizing a trade-off between (1) the expected performance gain over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, and (2) the risk stemming from the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-23 Zhang-Wei Hong , Pulkit Agrawal , Rémi Tachet des Combes , Romain Laroche

Existing offline in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL) methods have predominantly relied on supervised training objectives, which are known to have limitations in offline RL settings. In this study, we explore the integration of RL…

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables training from fixed data without online interaction, but policies learned offline often struggle when deployed in dynamic environments due to distributional shift and unreliable value estimates on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Lipeng Zu , Hansong Zhou , Xiaonan Zhang

Language models have the ability to perform in-context learning (ICL), allowing them to flexibly adapt their behavior based on context. This contrasts with in-weights learning (IWL), where memorized information is encoded in model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Suraj Anand , Michael A. Lepori , Jack Merullo , Ellie Pavlick

This paper proposes a novel approach for Asset-Liability Management (ALM) by employing continuous-time Reinforcement Learning (RL) with a linear-quadratic (LQ) formulation that incorporates both interim and terminal objectives. We develop a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yilie Huang

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) -- the problem of learning reward functions from demonstrations of an \emph{expert policy} -- plays a critical role in developing intelligent systems. While widely used in applications, theoretical…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-02-13 Lei Zhao , Mengdi Wang , Yu Bai

We introduce Coarse Q-learning (CQL), a reinforcement-learning model for bandit problems with stochastically varying menus. Alternatives are exogenously partitioned into similarity classes, and feedback from sampled alternatives is pooled…

理论经济学 · 经济学 2026-05-13 Philippe Jehiel , Aviman Satpathy

Offline reinforcement learning enables learning from a fixed dataset, without further interactions with the environment. The lack of environmental interactions makes the policy training vulnerable to state-action pairs far from the training…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-10-11 Shentao Yang , Zhendong Wang , Huangjie Zheng , Yihao Feng , Mingyuan Zhou

Implicit in-context learning (ICL) has newly emerged as a promising paradigm that simulates ICL behaviors in the representation space of Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming to attain few-shot performance at zero-shot cost. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Jiaqian Li , Yanshu Li , Ligong Han , Ruixiang Tang , Wenya Wang

In-context learning (ICL) allows large models to adapt to tasks using a few examples, yet its extension to vision-language models (VLMs) remains fragile. Our analysis reveals that the fundamental limitation lies in an inductive gap, models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Haoyu Wang , Haonan Wang , Yuyan Chen , Jun Chen , Gang Liu , Qian Wang , Jiahong Yan , Yanghua Xiao

Recently, Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable progress with the emergence of various algorithms and datasets. However, these methods usually focus on algorithmic advancements, ignoring that many low-level…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Bingyi Kang , Xiao Ma , Yirui Wang , Yang Yue , Shuicheng Yan

In-context learning (ICL) of large language models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attention in the community where LLMs make predictions only based on instructions augmented with a few examples. Existing example selection methods for ICL…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-26 Haowei Du , Dongyan Zhao

Optimism in the face of uncertainty is a popular approach to balance exploration and exploitation in reinforcement learning. Here, we consider the online linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem, i.e., to learn the LQR corresponding to an…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-01 Marcell Bartos , Bruce D. Lee , Lenart Treven , Andreas Krause , Florian Dörfler , Melanie N. Zeilinger

Behavior constrained policy optimization has been demonstrated to be a successful paradigm for tackling Offline Reinforcement Learning. By exploiting historical transitions, a policy is trained to maximize a learned value function while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-25 Jiachen Li , Edwin Zhang , Ming Yin , Qinxun Bai , Yu-Xiang Wang , William Yang Wang

Automated anesthesia promises to enable more precise and personalized anesthetic administration and free anesthesiologists from repetitive tasks, allowing them to focus on the most critical aspects of a patient's surgical care. Current…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-14 Xiuding Cai , Jiao Chen , Yaoyao Zhu , Beimin Wang , Yu Yao

Online interactions with the environment to collect data samples for training a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent is not always feasible due to economic and safety concerns. The goal of Offline Reinforcement Learning is to address this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-10-05 Chi Zhang , Sanmukh Rao Kuppannagari , Viktor K Prasanna

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) and dynamic discrete choice (DDC) models explain sequential decision-making by recovering reward functions that rationalize observed behavior. Flexible IRL methods typically rely on machine learning but…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Lars van der Laan , Aurelien Bibaut , Nathan Kallus

Reinforcement learning (RL) has seen significant research and application results but often requires large amounts of training data. This paper proposes two data-efficient off-policy RL methods that use parametrized Q-learning. In these…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-09 J. S. van Hulst , W. P. M. H. Heemels , D. J. Antunes

Learning from expert demonstrations to flexibly program an autonomous system with complex behaviors or to predict an agent's behavior is a powerful tool, especially in collaborative control settings. A common method to solve this problem is…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-05-15 Samuel Tesfazgi , Leonhard Sprandl , Armin Lederer , Sandra Hirche

Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently use on-policy algorithms, such as PPO or GRPO. However, policy lag from distributed training architectures and differences between the training and inference…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Daniel Ritter , Owen Oertell , Bradley Guo , Jonathan Chang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun