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Transformer is a deep neural network that employs a self-attention mechanism to comprehend the contextual relationships within sequential data. Unlike conventional neural networks or updated versions of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-14 Saidul Islam , Hanae Elmekki , Ahmed Elsebai , Jamal Bentahar , Najat Drawel , Gaith Rjoub , Witold Pedrycz

The transformer neural network architecture allows for autoregressive sequence-to-sequence modeling through the use of attention layers. It was originally created with the application of machine translation but has revolutionized natural…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Abhi Kamboj

The transformer architecture is central to the success of modern Large Language Models (LLMs), in part due to its surprising ability to perform a wide range of tasks - including mathematical reasoning, memorization, and retrieval - using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-05 Yihe Dong , Lorenzo Noci , Mikhail Khodak , Mufan Li

This study reports an unintuitive finding that positional encoding enhances learning of recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Positional encoding is a high-dimensional representation of time indices on input data. Most famously, positional…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Takashi Morita

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have displayed remarkable creative prowess and emergence capabilities. Existing empirical studies have revealed a strong connection between these LLMs' impressive emergence abilities and their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Dake Bu , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Atsushi Nitanda , Taiji Suzuki , Qingfu Zhang , Hau-San Wong

Initially developed for natural language processing (NLP), Transformers are now widely used for source code processing, due to the format similarity between source code and text. In contrast to natural language, source code is strictly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-25 Nadezhda Chirkova , Sergey Troshin

Transformers have exhibited exceptional capabilities in sequence modeling tasks, leveraging self-attention and in-context learning. Critical to this success are induction heads, attention circuits that enable copying tokens based on their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Francesco D'Angelo , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

Attention is a key component of Transformers, which have recently achieved considerable success in natural language processing. Hence, attention is being extensively studied to investigate various linguistic capabilities of Transformers,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-10-07 Goro Kobayashi , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Sho Yokoi , Kentaro Inui

Transformer is a ubiquitous model for natural language processing and has attracted wide attentions in computer vision. The attention maps are indispensable for a transformer model to encode the dependencies among input tokens. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-02-26 Yujing Wang , Yaming Yang , Jiangang Bai , Mingliang Zhang , Jing Bai , Jing Yu , Ce Zhang , Gao Huang , Yunhai Tong

Neural network models have been very successful at achieving high accuracy on natural language inference (NLI) tasks. However, as demonstrated in recent literature, when tested on some simple adversarial examples, most of the models suffer…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2019-09-04 Alexander Hanbo Li , Abhinav Sethy

Incremental processing allows interactive systems to respond based on partial inputs, which is a desirable property e.g. in dialogue agents. The currently popular Transformer architecture inherently processes sequences as a whole,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Patrick Kahardipraja , Brielen Madureira , David Schlangen

Much theoretical work has described the ability of transformers to represent formal languages. However, linking theoretical results to empirical performance is not straightforward due to the complex interplay between the architecture, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Anej Svete , Nadav Borenstein , Mike Zhou , Isabelle Augenstein , Ryan Cotterell

This paper reveals that large language models (LLMs), despite being trained solely on textual data, are surprisingly strong encoders for purely visual tasks in the absence of language. Even more intriguingly, this can be achieved by a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-07 Ziqi Pang , Ziyang Xie , Yunze Man , Yu-Xiong Wang

The attention module, which is a crucial component in Transformer, cannot scale efficiently to long sequences due to its quadratic complexity. Many works focus on approximating the dot-then-exponentiate softmax function in the original…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-04 Shengjie Luo , Shanda Li , Tianle Cai , Di He , Dinglan Peng , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Interpretability is an important aspect of the trustworthiness of a model's predictions. Transformer's predictions are widely explained by the attention weights, i.e., a probability distribution generated at its self-attention unit (head).…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-06-03 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Navonil Majumder , Soujanya Poria , Eduard Hovy

Deep learning models with attention mechanisms have achieved exceptional results for many tasks, including language tasks and recommendation systems. Whereas previous studies have emphasized allocation of phone agents, we focused on inbound…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-05-28 Ta-Chun Su , Guan-Ying Chen

This work proposes an extensive analysis of the Transformer architecture in the Neural Machine Translation (NMT) setting. Focusing on the encoder-decoder attention mechanism, we prove that attention weights systematically make alignment…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-14 Javier Ferrando , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Large transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results in numerous natural language processing tasks. Among the pivotal components of the transformer architecture, the attention mechanism plays a crucial role in capturing token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yichuan Deng , Zhao Song , Kaijun Yuan , Tianyi Zhou

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for sequence modeling tasks such as natural language processing or audio processing, and they are now even considered for tasks that are not naturally sequential such as image…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Jorg Bornschein , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki

The attention mechanism is a core primitive in modern large language models (LLMs) and AI more broadly. Since attention by itself is permutation-invariant, position encoding is essential for modeling structured domains such as language.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Songlin Yang , Yikang Shen , Kaiyue Wen , Shawn Tan , Mayank Mishra , Liliang Ren , Rameswar Panda , Yoon Kim