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The choice of action spaces is a critical yet unresolved challenge in developing capable, end-to-end trainable agents. This paper first presents a large-scale, systematic comparison of prominent abstracted action spaces and tokenizers for…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Zihao Wang , Muyao Li , Kaichen He , Xiangyu Wang , Zhancun Mu , Anji Liu , Yitao Liang

With the advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and coding agents, the website development has shifted from manual programming to agent-based project-level code synthesis. Existing benchmarks rely on idealized assumptions,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Qiyao Wang , Haoran Hu , Longze Chen , Hongbo Wang , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Yuan Lin , Min Yang

Current embodied intelligent systems still face a substantial gap between high-level reasoning and low-level physical execution in open-world environments. Although Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide strong perception and intuitive…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Dongjie Huo , Haoyun Liu , Guoqing Liu , Dekang Qi , Zhiming Sun , Maoguo Gao , Jianxin He , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Feng Xiong , Xing Wei , Zhiheng Ma , Mu Xu

Autonomous agents have become increasingly important for interacting with the real world. Android agents, in particular, have been recently a frequently-mentioned interaction method. However, existing studies for training and evaluating…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Yifan Xu , Xiao Liu , Xueqiao Sun , Siyi Cheng , Hao Yu , Hanyu Lai , Shudan Zhang , Dan Zhang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

In this study, we present a novel paradigm for industrial robotic embodied agents, encapsulating an 'agent as cerebrum, controller as cerebellum' architecture. Our approach harnesses the power of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) within an…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-11-28 Haoran Zhao , Fengxing Pan , Huqiuyue Ping , Yaoming Zhou

An ideal embodied agent should possess lifelong learning capabilities to handle long-horizon and complex tasks, enabling continuous operation in general environments. This not only requires the agent to accurately accomplish given tasks but…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Sen Wang , Bangwei Liu , Zhenkun Gao , Lizhuang Ma , Xuhong Wang , Yuan Xie , Xin Tan

Hardware security verification is a challenging and time-consuming task. Design engineers may use formal verification, linting, and functional simulation tests, coupled with analysis and a deep understanding of the hardware design being…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Luca Collini , Baleegh Ahmad , Joey Ah-kiow , Ramesh Karri

With large language models (LLMs) on the rise, in-game interactions are shifting from rigid commands to natural conversations. However, the impacts of LLMs on player performance and game experience remain underexplored. This work explores…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Xin Sun , Lei Wang , Yue Li , Jie Li , Massimo Poesio , Julian Frommel , Koen Hinriks , Jiahuan Pei

Grounding the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) for embodied tasks is challenging due to the complexity of the physical world. Especially, LLM planning for multi-agent collaboration requires communication of agents or credit…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yang Zhang , Shixin Yang , Chenjia Bai , Fei Wu , Xiu Li , Zhen Wang , Xuelong Li

Embodied agents can benefit from skills that guide object search, action execution, and state changes across diverse environments. Since embodied environments vary across layouts, object states, and other execution factors, these skills…

Embodied AI benchmarks have advanced navigation, manipulation, and reasoning, but most target complex humanoid agents or large-scale simulations that are far from real-world deployment. In contrast, mobile cleaning robots with dual mode…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Wenbo Li , Guanting Chen , Tao Zhao , Jiyao Wang , Tianxin Hu , Yuwen Liao , Weixiang Guo , Shenghai Yuan

Recent years have seen embodied visual navigation advance in two distinct directions: (i) in equipping the AI agent to follow natural language instructions, and (ii) in making the navigable world multimodal, e.g., audio-visual navigation.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-10-17 Sudipta Paul , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Anoop Cherian

Building generalist embodied agents capable of solving complex real-world tasks remains a fundamental challenge in AI. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of such agents through…

Embodied agents tasked with complex scenarios, whether in real or simulated environments, rely heavily on robust planning capabilities. When instructions are formulated in natural language, large language models (LLMs) equipped with…

Evaluating AI agents within complex, interactive environments that mirror real-world challenges is critical for understanding their practical capabilities. While existing agent benchmarks effectively assess skills like tool use or…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Long Phan , Mantas Mazeika , Andy Zou , Dan Hendrycks

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the development of embodied intelligence. By providing a few contextual demonstrations, developers can utilize the extensive internal knowledge of LLMs to effortlessly translate complex tasks…

Skills, i.e., structured workflow instructions distilled for large language models (LLMs), are becoming an increasingly important mechanism for improving agent performance on real-world downstream tasks. However, as the open-source skill…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Jiahao Ying , Boxian Ai , Wei Tang , Siyuan Liu , Yixin Cao

Given a simple request like Put a washed apple in the kitchen fridge, humans can reason in purely abstract terms by imagining action sequences and scoring their likelihood of success, prototypicality, and efficiency, all without moving a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-03-16 Mohit Shridhar , Xingdi Yuan , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Yonatan Bisk , Adam Trischler , Matthew Hausknecht

Architecture design is a critical step in software development. However, creating a high-quality architecture is often costly due to the significant need for human expertise and manual effort. Recently, agents built upon Large Language…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Yiran Zhang , Ruiyin Li , Peng Liang , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

Hardware verification is one of the most challenging stages of the hardware design process, requiring significant time and resources to ensure a design is fully validated and production-ready. Verification teams aim to maximize design…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Sean Lowe , Elias Hilaneh , Alma Babbit , Nakul Gopalan , Vidya Chhabria , Aman Arora